tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-65257126621407656952024-02-20T11:06:10.171-08:00femwordsDaily or weekly commentaries on current events or on political ideas and subjects of interest to feminists by a radical feminist activist of many years who has a different, less conformist slant on our struggle against patriarchal society than mainstream feminists.Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.comBlogger118125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-34032184744062535902016-11-01T14:02:00.000-07:002016-11-01T14:02:26.398-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>NEW ANTHOLOGY SPEAKS OUT AGAINST GENDER IDENTITY POLITICS AND TRANSGENDER IDEOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON WOMEN AND CHILDREN</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Featuring an essay by Carol Downer</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>Los Angeles, CA, November 1</b></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 8px; line-height: normal;"><b><sup>st</sup></b></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>, 2016</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>FEMALE ERASURE - WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT GENDER POLITICS’ WAR ON WOMEN, THE FEMALE SEX AND HUMAN RIGHTS (Tidal Time Publishing, LLC (November 1</b></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-size: 8px; line-height: normal;"><b><sup>st</sup></b></span><span style="font-kerning: none;"><b>, 2016)</b>, is a dynamic collection of diverse voices speaking out against gender identity politics, exposing the origins and harmful effects of transgender ideology on the lives of women and children today.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">This anthology comes at a time when gender identity politics and profits from an emerging medical transgenderism industry for children, teens, and adults inhibit our ability to have meaningful discussions about sex, gender, and changing laws, which have provided sex-based protections for women and girls and the re-framing of language referring to females as a distinct biological class. </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Standing strongly against gender stereotypes, female oppression, and the sexual violence prevalent in all levels of society, women’s voices celebrate their lives and examine their struggles through articles, essays, firsthand accounts, and verse. Lesbian feminists, political feminists, spiritual feminists, heterosexual-womanist women, mothers, scholars, attorneys, poets, medical and mental health professionals, educators, environmentalists, and detransitioning women all boldly vocalize their unique perspectives and universal experiences. </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">The contributors to <i>Female Erasure</i> know that their views are controversial, and many people will oppose their work. But they refuse to be silenced by critics, striving instead toward deep, meaningful discussion with readers about the biases of modern society and the future of women’s rights. </span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i>In different voices, this compendium of articles shows how transgenderism is erasing the reality of what it means to be a woman. There are some marvelous essays in Female Erasure that make this book the recent go-to analysis of gender identity as “an inherently misogynist idea.” </i></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">~ Janice G. Raymond is Professor Emerita of Women’s Studies and Medical Ethics, University of Massachusetts and author of The Transsexual Empire: the Making of the She-Male.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i>This courageous book lays out how the transgender narrative and phenomenon are an end point of patriarchy's hatred of women, the body, sexuality, and the living planet; and how it is the end point of patriarchy's valuing of what we think about reality over reality itself. But brave women (and some men) are opposing this erasure of women and of material reality. With truth and reality on our side, how can we not prevail?</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">~ Derrick Jensen, author of Endgame, The Myth of Human Supremacy, and A Language Older Than Words</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><i>As the liberal/postmodern dogma of transgender politics becomes the norm in more and more social and intellectual spaces, it gets harder to ask crucial questions, let alone offer a critique, of the sex/gender politics of that movement. Coming from a variety of philosophical/spiritual backgrounds, in a variety of literary styles, this is an impressive collection. All the writers in Female Erasure share a crucial commitment to rejecting patriarchy, which opens up space for the blunt, honest talk we need. Waving away these feminists’ questions and critiques with demands for “inclusion” won’t magically answer the questions or respond to the critiques. As a man who has come to understand sex/gender politics through radical feminism, I hope readers will not back away from the fight against institutionalized male dominance. Neither liberal individualism nor postmodern posturing offer much hope in the struggle against patriarchy.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">~ Robert Jensen, author of The End of Patriarchy: Radical Feminism for Men (Spinifex, 2017)</span></div>
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Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-14841549336200394042016-06-08T15:01:00.000-07:002016-06-08T15:01:55.435-07:00Funding for FEMALE ERASURE ANTHOLOGY!<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGdzcxGk1CmkjoLqiwzaPgxB3bnjQItBYAb31nWjBgJGrQe4xgPxyTgeI7HVnsYQDc0PQ5erNE-pgv56basb8iM5rZlx63Jn9fTxqEy180E-iiYNjbhFToflpxhkr9vlD-yq0c-AVmzav9/s1600/anbloyodsvl0jnd4meoj.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGdzcxGk1CmkjoLqiwzaPgxB3bnjQItBYAb31nWjBgJGrQe4xgPxyTgeI7HVnsYQDc0PQ5erNE-pgv56basb8iM5rZlx63Jn9fTxqEy180E-iiYNjbhFToflpxhkr9vlD-yq0c-AVmzav9/s320/anbloyodsvl0jnd4meoj.jpg" width="320" /></a><br />
I am very excited to announce my contribution to the upcoming anthology <b>FEMALE ERASURE: </b>WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT GENDER POLITICS' WAR ON WOMEN, THE FEMALE SEX AND HUMAN RIGHTS! I just donated to the IndieGoGo campaign and I hope you will, too!<br />
<span id="goog_138093837"></span><span id="goog_138093838"></span><br />Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-5815942568036867272016-05-06T15:32:00.001-07:002016-05-06T15:35:04.477-07:00THE ILLUSION OF "CHOICE" IN A NEOLIBERAL WORLD <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Supposedly,
the United States has no population control policy like China or Romania.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Our population control policy is fought over
at both state and federal levels by legislators and judges and agencies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>The left-wing elite uses the methods of persuasion,
economic coercion and availability of contraception and abortion to keep women
from having babies: they call this “Choice”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>The right-wing elite use the methods of
persuasion, economic tax incentives and reducing the availability of or
outlawing contraception and abortion to force women to have babies; they call
this “Pro-Life”.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1966, the
birth rate in Romania was the lowest in Europe.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ceaușescu, head of the Communist Party, outlawed contraception and
abortion and required women to have monthly gynecological checks to see if they
were pregnant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If they were, they would
be followed until the baby was born.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Within less than a year, the birth rate soared to the highest in the
world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In China, the one-child policy
has caused the birth rate to go below that desired by the rulers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By having a two-child policy and requiring
women with two children to have gynecological checks every four months and
forcing a woman to have an abortion, the population of China will be stabilized
at a slightly higher level.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>When are we
going to catch on to this not-so-subtle manipulation of women?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When are we going to see that both the left
and right control our reproductive decisions?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>An
independent women’s movement needs to go behind the population controller’s smokescreen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This issue is not about “saving the
environment” or “protecting human life”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The women’s movement needs to stop playing footsie with population
controllers like the Koch brothers on the right or Warren Buffett on the left.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>We need to
demand availability of contraception and abortion at puberty, and we need to
demand maternity leave, free or low-cost childcare, housing subsidies to enable
children to have their own bedrooms, tax deductions for childcare, schools,
playgrounds, public transportation: all the things that would enable many
American women to have a child if they wanted to.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>THAT WOULD
TRULY GIVE US “CHOICE.”<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Article on Romanian population control: Decree 770</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decree_770" target="_blank">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decree_770 </a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Article on Chinese population control: Two-child policy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="http://www.lifenews.com/2016/05/06/chinese-town-checks-every-woman-4-times-a-year-so-theyre-not-pregnant-without-permission/" target="_blank">http://www.lifenews.com/2016/05/06/chinese-town-checks-every-woman-4-times-a-year-so-theyre-not-pregnant-without-permission/ </a></span></div>
Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-44521523083588385512016-04-26T14:02:00.001-07:002016-04-26T14:02:09.813-07:00<div dir="ltr" id="docs-internal-guid-39ce579b-545b-a620-ad6a-63822c5fb9a5" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Report of Thinking Gender Program</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">UCLA Center for the Study of Women</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Grand Horizon Ballroom, UCLA Covel Commons</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">April 7 and 8, 2016</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dear Friends:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I attended this annual conference to bridge the gap between my world as a Second Wave feminist and the world of feminists who have come of age in the last 20 or 30 years. I’ve included summaries of the more noteworthy panel talks in the Appendix and a list of terms.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I hope you correspond with me about your reactions and opinions. Keeping a feminist consciousness requires us to have discussions.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Background</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The public conference highlights graduate student research on women, sexuality, and gender across all disciplines and historical periods. The event was co-sponsored by several departments, including social science, World Arts and Culture, ethnic and gender studies, History, Law, English, Theater and Film Studies. The speakers came from UCLA and other campuses.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">My goal was to learn what research the academic community is doing and what it’s discussing. Specifically, I hoped to learn more about post-feminism and other current feminist theories and get a sense of what people are saying about the current controversies involving transgender and queer forces.</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="240" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/drIAVFt9fh9bSDXMZ9Z7Qdy-QeplVb4ZLvvhvlodW-QEllDQ7962UdGor721Yrr8HMLyG6eyYHiQP70_PzOxQa3hvRW5c3ZGtB_1e6rCnPb_rFc4GiczYAk5tHk7Ar5Id8fzgFJz" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="624" /></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">THE PROGRAM: “SPATIAL AWARENESS,</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">REPRESENTATION,</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">AND GENDERED SPACES”</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Posters and Exhibits</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: “Dance For Me: </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Drag Kings and Performative Sexuality</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">”; “Hermanitas: A Critical Race Analysis as Praxis in everyday Femtorship amongst Women of Color in Academia”; How Online Sexual Harassment Affects Women Online”; Educator’s Perceptions of High School Sex Education; </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It is More Than Just About Compliance</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">”; “The Construction and Performance of Gender in Binary Restrooms”</span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Keynote Speaker</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: Aili Mari Tripp discussed her new book, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Women and Power in Postconflict Africa</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> (Cambridge University Press Studies in Gender and Politics, 2015). </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Screenings </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(4 short films): “They Want to Give it a Name”, “Who is Park Joo Young?”, “Porn Star Quotidian”, “Your Choice”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Our Favorite Short Film: “Your Choice”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">An experimental piece about the disjointed relationship of contemporary bodily awareness and larger systems of oppression, this film showed topsy-turvy 3-D renderings of a woman’s physical body over poetic narration.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sessions 1, 2, 3, 4 , each with 3 or 4 papers</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">See APPENDIX</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> for summaries of the more noteworthy papers)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Concurrent Workshops We Attended:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Instructor:</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Martha Dina Arguello, Executive Director, Physicians for Social Responsibility. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Intersection of Gender, Justice, and the Environment, (participants will learn techniques to reduce their contact with harmful toxins and about issues of reproductive justice and environmental racism)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">HIGHLIGHTS OF 2 EXHIBITS AND KEYNOTE TALK</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Posters & Exhibits</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“The Construction and Performance of Gender in Binary Restrooms”</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> consisted of the results of a questionnaire the exhibitor, Bo James Hwang, had given to UCLA students in which they were asked if they would be willing to have their tuition increased $2.00 each quarter to pay for changing the signs on bathrooms to gender neutral terms, and analyzed the results to see if those favoring changing the signs knew someone who was transgender, or had other information about the issue. They found that knowing someone who was transgender was positively associated with agreeing to pay extra to have signs changed. Since the exhibitor wasn’t present, we couldn’t ask why it would be so expensive to just change some signs.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">This exhibit received the award for best exhibit.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Rebecca Nevarez’s exhibit, “</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dance for me. Drag Kings and Performative Sexuality”</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> had colorful photos of the Dancers. She told me about the frequent popular performances around the greater Los Angeles area.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Hermanitas: A Critical Race Analysis as Praxis in everyday Femtorship amongst Women of Color in Academia”.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> I noted that the program of Femtorship were using an adaptation of consciousness-raising groups to bring women of color together to share their experiences with each other. Madison spoke to several women who arrived to host the exhibit. When Madison gave her my card, one of them said she was a Shodhini and she knew me. I wonder how much her Shodhini experience had helped her to devise this program which seems to be doing very well.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Keynote Talk: Aili Mari Tripp,</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Professor of Political Science and Gender and Women’s Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="191" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/53SLSSiNFOs9KlulnaAkPdnh9Lg8G73qcC4-P4ojU6kdsYL-3mlPPR6i69T9Agp8bVIaqSBNpW9d3W6RalAsJ615PYy8y4gaumVytzDzJ5UV_mtXx8lahYSjo8AskoFJ-LmNb1BT" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="197" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="190" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/lez3sGFNf27nZztyV3-QbvDfVqF5SiA0DiMH15wozmDFvYdtTBFRh8c33X7YDJBFdYJUTpr49cjdQmNyLltxkK7SvqVkz1jP1EaX5X3eX3DfV0US-yzieV8z1cW90FA5hbGK5Pzz" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="127" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tripp,</span><a href="https://ailitripp.wordpress.com/" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">https://ailitripp.wordpress.com</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. gave an excellent power-point presentation with numerous charts and graphs to illustrate the impact of conflict in African states on subsequent political representation of women and increased legislation and constitutional changes relating to women’s rights. She speculated that perhaps the disruptions of the social structure might allow for the emergence of women’s voices.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">During Q and A, Madison relayed my question about whether the differences in economies or World Bank structural adjustment programs could account for the striking relationships between conflicts (not civil wars) and subsequent rise of political representation by women. She seemed puzzled by the question, then said that there “had been some issues awhile back, but they are now resolved”. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Her answer seemed purposely vague and dismissive.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I’ve ordered her book, “Women and Power in Postconflict Africa”, Cambridge University Press Studies in Gender and Politics, 2015. I hope to speak to Silvia Federici who was in Nigeria during the implementation of the structural adjustment programs to find out if her experience jibes with Tripp’s.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">SUMMARY</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">We found the conference quite stimulating.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">As you can see from a quick look at the program and the reports, there are many new terms and terms that have a different meaning now. Some of this is because as new social science and political theories develop, they either coin new terms or use familiar terms in a new way. Additionally, today’s feminists have become intrigued with linguistics, and sometimes terms are given new meanings as a feminist strategy to bring about social change. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">See </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">APPENDIX</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> for a list of terms you will encounter in any contemporary feminist discussion.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">My goal of understanding the post-feminist theories was partly met. A particularly interesting exchange took place after the Implicit Bias and Stereotype Threat Panel that was moderated by Juliet Williams, a professor in the Gender Studies Department. (see Appendix, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Best Paper</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> was only after summing up the conference that we realized that concerns about female issues of controlling our reproduction, asserting female sexuality, access to childcare, issues of how mothers are treated in the society were almost missing. Out of 24 talks, 5 exhibit presentations and 4 films, only one talk presented information on birth control in China and two films showed women’s experiences with adoption and self-image. One Korean adoptee learned that the adoption agencies mixed up the names of the adopting mothers, and one showed images of parts of the female body.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">APPENDIX</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Panel Reports And Q&A</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Best paper</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I highly recommend reading the whole paper. Please contact us and we’ll get it to you.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Keira Stearns, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Political Science and International Relations</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">USC</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Women as Political Subjects? An analysis of the UN Department of Political Affairs and Perceptions of Women’s Agency</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="115" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/XZVQreDkCuAK4N_d8Zh65nTZzCfla2fasjuCglVxlH1TJ_ktsfWy0IOMm9AuOjP6pZvJOb6R5EpNNgX2fFh4N5OMy4HpX0BfJqu4HolImGmEbembIX_hs2EOC4hHDf3x4TaDKJm1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="188" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="115" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/gTiMkGhXYb7i-eGVqPl69OmfnDUHpI6QhJYGjWMRtyWNQ5PZ8QpQrrr3Jd2iYXQW37l-uAIhJIHAZ7Z87PzugBVtlAZ_oeRtf6iuouSQGPkm4y0-8glE_daCWOfqyQj9qXva1O5j" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="169" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="115" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/VDBfVQQafOWprryUbDpOVjESOdPYR5c-oUeStO2nDrJJPdUWDu8D4d5V4PKbzBuH-Vx8yICD3Ztd4_50wXwyG1Yiix1EB2yQP8f_FJqi1oN64qtFuwBHbV8YWrT-8VMsbhuaVvVG" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="171" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Why do women still struggle to be included in formal peace talks?” Stearns analyzed the annual reports, requests for funding, newsletters and bulletins from the UN Department of Political Affairs. She found that the DPA used violence as the primary criterion by which parties are given legitimacy. She says this implicitly and explicitly makes men the primary subjects of peace negotiations. Women, by contrast, are portrayed as peaceful, apolitical, and only emerging from a local context.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">She reviews the research of many scholars which find that the discourse about peace talks often reinforces the victimhood of women and denies their agency. They point to patriarchal modes of thinking, resulting in assumptions about women that may serve to reinforce their subordination. Women are assumed to be more peaceful, more democratically oriented, and more likely to ensure the success of the peace process, which can limit women’s agency to modes that are acceptable to the international community. They argue that the focus on the vulnerability of women enables the perpetuation of gender stereotypes that prevent women from playing a more active role in peacekeeping.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">There are two broad frames within which women’s participation is discussed. Some stake a claim for women based on the transformative potential that women have on traditional security institutions, the “transformation thesis”. They believe that women bring something to the peace table because they are women. The more extreme versions of this argument argue that women’s approaches to war and peace are fundamentally different than that of men. This essentialist approach suggests that women are inherently more peaceful than men, are more likely to build bridges and are more invested in peace than their male counterparts.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The other framework is the perspective that takes the “rights-based thesis”. They argue that women’s presence does not need to be justified, and women do not need to provide instrumental value to be included. They argue that claiming space on the basis of an idealized femininity may be effective, but it inherently proscribes the area in which it is appropriate for women to operate. This reinforces the divide between “women’s issues” and all other issues, limited women’s concerns to the so-called “soft” or humanitarian issues while leaving others, like disarmament for example, outside their purview. This strengthens the idea that such issue areas are the traditional domain of masculinity.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stearns analyzed the DPA’s guidance for the training and advising of mediators, and saw three main themes. 1</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">st</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">. Men are nearly always treated as the norm. 2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">nd</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, women are usually constructed as emerging from a local civil society context, with interests focusing on women’s issues. 3</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">rd</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Women are usually treated as instrumental, although much of the justification for their presence is rooted in adherence to UN directives.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A close look at how men are portrayed illustrates that men are overwhelmingly linked to the use of violence. For example, in a discussion of spoilers, a senior mediation expert is quoted, “I would say never underestimate how easy it is for a few men with a few guns to blow away everything you’ve carefully built over a long period.” She quotes descriptions of warring parties and guerillas that make it sound like only men are guerillas or fighters, and women are always the victims. It’s all from a male point of view. This puts men in the central subject position and suggests they are the norm. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Women are portrayed as coming from a local, civil society context. Because grassroots civil society groups are positioned in opposition to higher level policy actor, the linkage of women with local civil society groups has significant implications for their legitimacy at peace tables.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="220" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/i8Cbl8jwC69UMgVq6dDE0IVg0lwHi4-eiuXIp2L5GC4EvWur_VvyxPVrKsl70AHa39OlibiANRTCEFksG9DAOm2rhP2Ke6gI9uaNcl16lS6bL24OfuuSGkMdP8skh2IeNw2QWLG8" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="315" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stearns says this way of characterizing women implies that women have an interest in being at peace tables only because of their concern for women’s issues. They are assumed to hold no other preferences or insight into broader peace and security issues.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Women are seen as valuable because of what they can bring to the peace table, because of their focus on women’s issues, or because of their access to other networks. Specifically, women are seen as being important links to local and grassroots levels, able to leverage their influence in their communities to sway support of the peace process. Rather than ascribe them any particular skills or attributes, these documents take women’s presence as necessary to keep with the commitments outlined in UN procedures.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stearns sums up by saying that women are outside the central nexus of mediation. They are “linked” or consulted” for instrumental reasons. The assumption that they are apolitical and only concerned with women’s issue marginalizes them in a room full of “conflict parties” who have “interests”, and who will act as “spoilers” if they don’t get their way.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The gendered assumptions and understandings underpinning the DPA’s approach to peace talks must also be interrogated, and perceptions of political agency must be broadened.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q & A Keira Stearn presentation</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MODERATOR Juliet Williams, Gender Studies, UCLA</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q: </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“How important is all of this research in this post-feminist era and ideology? We are in agreement that sexism is bad and wrong. We are allowed to feel like we’re part of a sexist-free landscape, but it’s really a state of denial about the state of sexism.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">…by disclosing in the present moment the existence of practices, structures, beliefs, you’re confronting what to do about this culture of denial. You’re forcing us to confront the persistence of sexism, but it’s not necessarily that the sexism of the moment is the same our mothers experienced. What would be the same and what would be different if you had taken up this research 2 years ago, 40 years ago, 60 years ago? Is this about sexism staying the same or is this about sexism changing? What might be illuminated if you thought more historically about how your studies would have looked?”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A. Keira Stearn</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“It’s all very new. Women have a place now and until the UN Beijing conference, women didn’t even have a place. We have come so far in institutionalizing it. We’re still dealing with patriarchal attitudes. Adding women doesn’t break down patriarchy. We’re still contending with these attitudes.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q: Professor Williams</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The American University’s study …unfortunately, some of the implicit actors in retaining the oppression are women. Shortchanging girls and in America we’re talking about who were the primary actors in schools holding girls back or telling girls to be quiet. Teachers were 65% women at the time. Could you talk a little bit about the collusion that we participate in as women in reinforcing this. There’s a lot of women employed in retail so how do we wake ourselves up, and even in women in such desperate situations as a war-torn country.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A. Keira Stearn</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">There’s so many different intersecting identities. There’s a huge Global North/Global South divide, largely, they are from the North. There’s been efforts to get more leaders from the South, but talking about women colluding, we have this narrative of poor victimized women in war and only granting them access through their victimhood, in spite of the good work they’ve done. White women v. women of color, rich women v. poor women, Global North v. Global South.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MY COMMENT</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In this interchange, I finally got the meaning of “post-feminist” era. I believe Williams is saying that the demands of women to be equal have been heard by national and international governmental bodies and society in general, so now we’re past the stage of confronting male-dominated society. We just need to change the residual sexism. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I like Kiera’s response. She says that “adding women doesn’t break down patriarchy.” This indicates to me that she sees that real living men occupy positions of authority and power in patriarchal structures, and we need to do more than just add women. We need to break down the structure that is enforcing gender discrimination.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I found this to be a powerful paper, because while Stearns agreed that women are most often the victims and therefore have more interests in peace, and are effective on the grass roots level, to justify their inclusion in national peace talks on this basis is not the right approach and leads to them not being regarded as legitimate representatives of everybody’s desire for peace, but rather tangential to the “real” political process. I feel that too much of the feminist case for equality has been based on these “instrumental” arguments. Women should be represented equally at the peace table, because we are half the citizens. We don’t have to earn our right to be there, even though we have done so.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">GOOD PAPERS</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sonja Dolinsek</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">, History, Universitat Erfurt</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Traffic in Women, Slavery, Sex Work, The Transnational Politics of Sexual Labour in the Era of the World Women’s Conferences (1975-1985).</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="226" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/Kwx5RhLoZ54vQ4fIO6NME5qfuyWxVz3smDfdqQ_fI0UiSveP2VqSbsbtlPKeWbV7I4bcPSU25b9-dL0VzrW-S4k1G9J7FJ4tS5kDSOxfWdRcpkFbyb9zKreNPYIl0bdFnOiwar-H" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="320" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">As a historian, she sees her role to question current categories, conflict lines and political demands in the contemporary debates on sex work and trafficking in which there are “supposedly” two clearly defined, diametrically opposed and hermetically sealed stable positions on sexual labour—notably those who define sex work as labor and those who define it as sexual violence. She was interested in the moments of openness and uncertainty, as well as fluidity, where alliances, arguments and demands were in flux.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">She reviewed UN conference reports. A variety of political actors, either delegates of governments, national and international, (UN, UNESCO), Non-Governmental Organizations (Anti-Slavery Society) or grassroots organizations (COYOTE, English Collective of Prostitutes, Wages for Housework Campaign). </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">She sees the politics of sexual labor gathering momentum in 1980. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Convention for the suppression of the traffic in persons and the exploitation of the Prostitution of Others” was passed in 1949, but little interest was shown in implementing it. An explosion of anti-trafficking politics and activities after the UN’s adoption of the Palermo Protocol against trafficking in 2000 occurred. The Convention had three goals. 1) It “abolished” so-called “state-regulated” prostitution” which in 19</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">th</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> and early 20</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">th</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> century consisted of special registration schemes for sex workers (usually with the police), compulsory and often coerced gynecological examinations, deprivation of the right to freely move in areas not reserved for sexual labor, criminalization or penalization of non-registered sex workers, but also of so-called “promiscuous” women, who were often criminalized based on a suspicion of prostitution. 2) It targeted the so-called “exploitation of the prostitution of others, which refers to any involvement of 3</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">rd</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> parties with someone’s sexual labor, including not only “pimps”, but also potentially one’s own children, partners, friends and colleagues. 3) The disappearance of sexual labor from modern societies and mandated prevention and rehabilitation for “victims of prostitution”. Mostly the first two goals were taken up during the International Women’s Decade and adapted, appropriated and translated based on different social contexts of various actors.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">During the 70’s in the U.S., a movement to decriminalize sex labour emerged in the women’s movement and culminated in a resolution at the 1973 N.O.W. national conference.</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">At the Mexico City Women’s Conference in 1975, Marie-Pierre Herzog, Director of the UNESCO Human Rights Division mobilized the Human Rights discourse to characterize prostitution as a human rights violation akin to torture.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Just before the conference, French prostitutes occupied a church in Lyon, seeking refuge from a police crackdown. They protested arrests of and fines for themselves and for others, such as their children and partners. To overcome the dichotomy of whore and mother, they claimed they were good mothers. They wanted their sexual labour to be recognized as work, to pay taxes and Social Security and a pension fund. The occupation was eventually raided by the police with some women being injured.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In 1986, the N.O.W. resolution calling for the decriminalization of prostitution was replaced by one focused exclusively on “traffic in women” proposed by Kathleen Barry, who characterized paid sex as “female sexual slavery”. This approach gained momentum after the publication of an article in Ms. Magazine in November 1979 and the book “Female Sexual Slavery” by Barry.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">At that time, prostitution had not entered into mainstream feminist discourse. The movement was focused on rape and battered women. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">At the UN conference on Women in Copenhagen, Barry co-presented a workshop on female sexual slavery. The activist, Selma James of the British Wages for Housework, interrupted the workshop several times. James worked closely with the English Collective of Prostitutes. Later, COYOTE founder, Margo St. James, sided with Barry in disapproving of James’ tactics. Dolinsek believes the joint statement Barry and St. James issued shows that “alliances are not fixed”. She also thinks the incident shows that questions about alliances, strategies and conflicts in the field of sexual labor are worth exploring in more depth which are not reduced to a simple pro/contra.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The contending factions continued working separately but all of them briefly engaged with the then still existing International Abolitionist Federation (IAF). The IAF had been founded in the late 19</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">th</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> century with the goal of abolishing state-regulated prostitution.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Barry wanted to abolish the practice, not just abolition of state-regulated prostitution. The newly emerging sex workers’ rights movement targeted laws against prostitution and opposed jail sentences and punishment of sex workers for having offered sex for money. They sought positive rights under the International Declaration for Human Rights. They presented a statement at the “Second World Whore’s Congress which took place at the European Parliament in 1986, asserting that prostitutes “be granted the same human rights as every other citizen.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dolinsek concludes that is questionable whether it is even desirable to reconstruct the debate in binary terms that assume a divide that may not have been there. Yet.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MY COMMENT:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dolinsek sought me out at the end of conference to ask what my opinion was. I found her paper refreshing, because I criticize both feminist approaches to this issue for not looking at it from the prostitute’s or sex worker’s view in a pragmatic way. Until we overthrow patriarchy, women will have to figure out how to survive. One popular way to survive, especially if you want to have children, is by marrying. Marriage is an oppressive institution and we work to change laws to make it less oppressive, but in the meantime, many women marry. I think prostitution under patriarchy is an oppressive institution and we can reform it to make it less oppressive to females, but in the meantime women will continue to be prostitutes or sex workers. I do have one caveat to this, however. I think that the rights of </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">all</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> women need to be taken into consideration on this issue, because when women are degraded in pornography or prostitution, that affects all of us. So I do not seek to think of prostitutes or sex workers as “sex-positive” people and that encouraging pornography and prostitution is going to advance humankind. Therefore, I have no problem with using state power to limit practices that create a “hostile environment” for all of us, such as male co-workers being able to openly access pornography on their computers or newsstands at bus stops or in supermarkets selling pornographic magazines. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">But, I share Dolincek’s hope that whatever feminists feel about this issue, that we can agree to respect we have different visceral responses, and work jointly on any actions that we can all support.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="222" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Pc55LLs1pIyfMqHVQEeVOOSldZjowMz1HKvMEV3clHQ27kt5AEPyLA9A2FqN7mKHYhNUnewbxElofLlDyAogy8cGHlQAgpMFBzg4UdXRf7eaj2-_NwEsbc_5fpm26f6gy5jVGPi-" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="158" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Alexandria Wilson, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Political Science, U of Florida</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The Anti-Trafficking Movement in Post-communist Europe</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="201" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/DvKLBInQyV1UFnDvKqGv4SsVJ7ul2w2OMzwdQribEXeosm9xB-fL91JNHvToSVlS5S66jsb4F6tZ94aoNcnvIrxxEGx7-keLZ1M1XSoaL-0a0UsotZABmxBayZVMa4_3d44K3i1D" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="224" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Wilson reports that trafficking has increased in formerly communist countries in Europe (CEE: Central and Eastern Europe) due to porous borders, hard economic times, and the loss of social safety nets caused by the transition into a free market economy, in which the economy, particularly the agricultural sector, where mass media is not available to inform women about the problem, and the illiteracy rate is high. Women facing poverty are the targets of traffickers; traffickers lure them into sex trafficking by prospects of marriage or finding a job. Travel bans have been lifted, and foreign governments and labor unions, who use a top down approach, are concerned about the influx of migrants. Feminist organizations are concerned with gender equality and the protection of human rights, but they have few active supporters because many feel that anti-male rhetoric separates them from those males with whom they worked closely to gain independence. Further, the small impact that trafficking has on the average person’s life, and the large amounts of money from governments and NGO’s lead people to believe that the problem is being taken care of.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The international anti-trafficking movement began as a movement to protect women from sexual exploitation, however over time it turned into a nationalist concern about protecting states from migrants and increasing the social control of women. Inter-governmental organizations (INGO), such as Ford Foundation, Global Fund for Women and the Soros Foundation impose Western-style feminist agendas to NGOs in CEE. Local organizations tend to focus on the causes of trafficking by getting better employment and resources for women, while donors impose trafficking intervention services and place a emphasis on short term projects rather than advocacy for structural solutions. The proliferation of NGOs is not necessarily a sign of strengthening society because they are beholden to elites and donors. And Europeanization has been perceived as a threat to traditional values.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Shahrzad Shirvani, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Architecture, UC Berkeley</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Public Spaces of ’‘Freedom”; the Emergence of Gendered-Exclusive Parks in Tehran</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="183" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/C122lwcz96IM7GQsqJ7Qlf8d6bzf_cu7nNVTrwsf_4lRM-ASK6ThCzU2iam-7yG4tOKFVNbeY2VJxbX4XXmrYIx_DzeO-62_w4rdLLIP8R-clZSNXUDtOSZ45WBtL9XdthQyh38z" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="243" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“In a 15 Hectare of land in District 3 of Northern Tehran, where the view from outside is blocked by a number of long trees, exists an exclusive paradise for women. The area surrounded by 13-feet green iron panels allows women to freely take off their scarves and Islamic coverings and let their bodies feel the natural sunlight in public, albeit ‘without men’s interference’. The first women-exclusive park, called Mother’s Paradise, was inaugurated in 2007.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The park is monitored for ‘proper behavior’ both inside and outside the fences. A team of 35 women manage the park, including guards, gardeners and staff.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The park offers several types of facilities, including different exercise areas such as roofed and unroofed spaces that provide basic amenities for sport and fitness, a relaxing center that offers massages, a walking pathway, small shopping kiosks, an amphitheater, a cultural center with an area for religious and group meetings. There’s a place for kids to play while their mothers are exercising. Little boys of 6 can enter with their mothers. Photos and videos from the park areas are prohibited.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The park is open every day from 5:30 am to 7:00 pm. On the weekend, the park is open to the whole family.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Questionnaires on a web blog show that most women of the lower middle class feel satisfied using the park.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Under the religious regime that was installed in 1979, women were required to be veiled and return to traditional and religious ideologies of the Islamic state. However, the Islamic government never succeeded in forming a national understanding of what would be considered a “proper cover”. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="190" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/u-lpJoUILPP-JsRqCX7ys-aRir5Q94_oD_WEsxwlM3IoHE_FKaXpafaHAuD2UjFJJMf8_Iiv1QuSabUpukmH6-47nIlYivFR3BQhfwQWf3B1ExHJBbpmOiE7571Y66vQ0KdxGAGx" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="275" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The veil has been an instrument of social change. In recent years, fashion has become a signifier for women’s resistance. Young designers are creating individual and private fashion brands as a way of active opposition with the imposed dress codes. Their secular trend is now redefining “mandatory Islamic coverings”, operating through women’s bodies in response to the coercive acts of patriarchy. The “morality police” monitor and control public spaces, but they keep the meaning of “fashion” indeterminate in order to be able to redefine it in times of need.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q & A Shahrzad Shirvani presentation</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q: Madison</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I wanted to ask about the nature of women-only spaces in the West because I feel like this is an idealized playground of “we are free and therefore we don’t need women only spaces” but the idea of the women’s only park in Iran is very beautiful and comforting to me and I wish I had one. And I wanted to ask the panelists their opinion of women-only spaces in the West and do we need them?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A: Shahrzad Shirvani</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">May I just add something to that? What you’re saying is correct and I agree with you, but this notion of “good” or “bad” is again creating those norms for ourselves. So it depends on what basis you’re going to create such an exclusion for women. As I mentioned, this freedom is on the edge, it can be both beneficial for the women who are in the park trying to use their freedom isolated in those fences or it can be considered that these women are suppressed because they have only this territory to be free. It’s all about the relationship between the dominated and the dominators and how these two are trying to balance themselves, their ways of living in cities, their rights, their families, even, you know, creating social relationships between themselves. So after women are free to go to these spaces and take off their veils, then the relationship between the gender binaries start to break and change. So what you’re dealing with now, in the context of America, if you have these kinds of secluded spaces the issue of safety comes into play. There’s nobody to harm them. But in another sense they’re secluding themselves again. It’s very much deterred on the context, the why, the who. It’s very contextual. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MADISON’S COMMENT:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I very much enjoyed the exchange in this panel. However, I will say that it felt like the questions I raised were being answered with political correctness more than anything else. Because, as a few of the presentations mention, Western feminism has been perceived as yet another method of foisting Western values onto the women of the world, I can understand reluctance to dive in to issues like reproductive justice and the necessity of women-only spaces. I felt that, overall, the answers were a little too objective, too broad. This panel gave me a lot to think about in terms of broadening my own perception of the needs of the women of the world.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Dalila Ozier, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Anthropology, UCLA</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Sexual Violence in the YouTube Community</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ozier reports on a pattern of abuse where successful YouTubers coerce women and underage girls into sexual relationships, sexually harass their female fans, or otherwise leverage their Internet fame for the purpose of sexual gratification. She cites how a blog post from one victim struck a chord with others within the YouTube community, who began to write posts that levied accusations similar to hers. This began a broader discussion about the unequal power dynamic between content producers and content consumers.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ozier argues that the social structure of the YouTube community allows for sustained patterns of sexual abuse and harassment and the “myth of egalitarianism” used to describe YouTube culture disguises these structural inequalities. Also, she looks at the role public performance plays in how YouTube community members judge published narratives about sexual abuse as being either authentic or inauthentic.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="143" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/8eFOTEfIxSiqUY_3LrLKTG47z9rdNBM41T0F3javswps8bPdkjx1jVqYduOnn3lTanyyE6M23JQFRmMsoKHv0WaG9D_AAAUlooMRGog4wQRJ2H84rRfDLo4uT9OKJGK1Z1_ZETgg" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="200" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="136" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/mH1B3rwAsNMznfB0jENk9XXXGKhAueEWdEewEj0dKtiPCQJoIJv7HI9owJ0fyHdPY0f0NgGwv8Z4uU465Ji2flUGmModAa0C06vFhs-tMgGsAoscD0vgrvTN8887tiHgzZVpHqJG" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="136" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="141" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/L7ijv7zU3-VSo_lavzg3_tPsK5jlA-2ZL-QFaysLdibjFtGvXcyJ8-ta0FRrFNlu7mVF1kFt_U7ZN2xgnEXeWMkifIv5Kf4F38-VJsmKupaSsATU_Y8iAl9LH_ZYBgcrVGtfnAiR" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="151" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">She says that the structure of a minority of YouTubers who produce and distribute creative content contrasts with a vast majority who prefer to participate as consumers, thus mimicking the producer-consumer dichotomy in the traditional media industry. Behind a veneer of democracy, producers have structural and cultural power over consumers. This explains why the advice to consumers to “just say no” is an ineffective model for avoiding unwanted sex. Further, the myth of a democratized YouTube allows acts of abuse to go unchecked behind a constructed image of egalitarianism.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The success of the blog posts to open up a discussion of sexual abuse does offer a model to resist the structural inequality. However, to establish authenticity, the bloggers use two strategies: expert authentication and intertextual authentication. Prominent YouTubers can cosign such narratives, or the bloggers can use each others’ accounts to authenticate their accounts.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Hannah Carlan, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Anthropology, UCLA</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gender Violence, Neoliberal Institutions and Digital Activism in India</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="304" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/2YRdvm6-HohoPmCUevWz9Xionlr7f9YxS-PWAdgT1eACSqifH7S9KZFzxKRvByNUFhXoCB9xCbs_JesfpdbayMJ9I03i6kkNfwrWSEVpMtHE3YjsJKAVI0sULpPhsC4D0SLlHnZ1" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="406" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Carlan worked for one neoliberal NGO in New Delhi in 2015 to determine whether the rising availability and use of the digital media might be shaping the way feminist activists construct and carry out their political goals. In particular, she looked at the recent flowering of large scale online and offline protests following the 2012 bus gang rape of Jyoti Singh Pandey in New Delhi. Her interviewees at the NGO had both positive and somewhat pessimistic views of the power of digital technologies to reshape attitudes toward violence, and concerns about the opening up of vulnerabilities to a increasingly repressive state government that was sensitive to criticism and some individuals have been targeted and silenced. She noted that under neoliberal policies, NGOs do social provisioning. The neoliberal embraces “the logic of empowerment”, in which it is the responsibility of the individual to lift herself out of poverty, rather than the state or the NGO to provide support in the form of welfare benefits. In Neoliberal thinking, the individual entrepreneurial subjects are expected to achieve upward mobility by participating in the free market. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">NGOs are now making efforts to harness the internet as a tool for lifting women out of violence and poverty. The protests that emerged after Jyoti’s gang rape on a public bus were largely organized by student groups through Facebook and their collective mobilization online and offline pressured the government to respond to demands for new legislation. Twitter offers a unique platform for collectively identifying, articulating and contesting racial injustices. Using hash tags in Twitter, such as #Justice for Jyoti, showed the ability to create a crucial site wherein groups construct their own narratives as digital activists—a new form of organized resistance against state power.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="133" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/dq5QhKVjOlAFMpQoIXD8NCluy_sIhQLfC5wCqV5hO5ITd0MNof5Nf2yVv0t8C8vqg1oVOWvzai3UED6jLymbSVjgkZQksXLExLmdNwyexI6B1qJogyVgXsxanf-ENTvX-hfnieTp" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="219" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Carlan points out that neoliberalism and market fundamentalism have resulted in increasing dispossession and depression, particularly in the Global South, and neoliberal institutions, especially NGOs, often take a hybrid form that becomes a mode of governance.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Facebook is currently engaged in an extensive project to educate students at 35 colleges and universities across India about various uses of social media, called “Social Surfing”. “Access is Empowerment” is the slogan. Also, they’re teaching students how to protect themselves from online harassment. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Carlan notes there is ambivalence about how the NGO is simultaneously putting forth a neoliberal agenda while potentially broadening the impact of social causes. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Tyanna Slobe, </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Anthropology, UCLA</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Stereotyping the White Girl: Voicing Race, Class and Gender Anxieties in Online Representations of Contemporary US Girlhood</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="167" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/VRZjZjszsU0jfZetu2kkWkIuMLdnHSinnnS9RddwHlzw-MCuKP1aiKKO7AmKgaleFQLncFQmnMhXn-huANpMmLcwjTHwhVbK5Bxio7xmR5ZWAyAqIpd-bW2UFQOVsiDQkrhHEoNF" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="155" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="177" src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/M05T5itZ33VZjTBVMxEIocmQ9Q16Zung_932I8cOWBQ6FLOcNHhxqYcuZBvqHVBnuTRNUelBAhZ4LC5oojHV4zvOQLEokCfKwL8Rh-JvkF_X5jwtSQpbk9d_DWq5rk8UpqfO-w-P" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="235" /></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="170" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/sXKFt1eKPyaO_fzhQwbMFUIJkciCm98GsT2H3lGCT4TiykjaJicBcug8nJ4imZw1D9WTEMTP97OS1UITwLr5EQ4klfc8ELUsjlwMdzXAN-FvGPPB7izYWi1BaN6ICqmrdyYtVYD3" style="-webkit-transform: rotate(0.00rad); border: none; transform: rotate(0.00rad);" width="171" /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Slobe played several excerpts from online performances that mocked the “creaky voice”, the vocal affectations associated with the “whimsical and annoying fashions of American teenage girls. MWG-“mock white girls”. The “Valley Girl” is perceived as “annoying, immature, and frivolous.” </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The first MWG “Savior” comes from books, blogs and lectures wherein financially successful women disclose to younger and less-accomplished girls their secrets. Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg’s 2013 “Lean In” is an example. They emphasize gender equality can be achieved if women and girls “lean in” to roles and institutions created by middle-to-upper class white men. Exaggerated mock performances ideologically link the features to excessiveness and inauthenticity. Actress Lake Bell mocked “sexy baby vocal virus on Conan O’Brien’s Late Night. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Slobe points out that Savior MWG ignores institutional structures and barriers that produce inequalities in professional spheres in the US.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The second MWG is “Shit White Girls Say”. A montage of clips are shown from YouTube wherein Franchesca, a black woman, appears in a platinum blond wig and performs a stereotypical white girl talking to someone in MWG register, voicing naïve racism. Tag questions (like “Right?” or “You know what I mean?) at the end of a statement parody the white girl’s ideological conceptions of whiteness as unmarked and invisible relative to other racialized categories. The white girl uses tag questions to induce her black friend to agree with reductive statements about all black people.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">The third videos, from Brandon Calvillo’s Vine account (a micro-blogging social media platform)is entitled “Teenage Girl Problems” (over 5.5 million followers). Brandon shifts into MWG in the creation of Ashley, an expressive, vapid, and emotional teenage girl who is always on her phone. Brandon indexes and perpetuates stereotypes about modern girls as excessively conformist. Friends are trivialized.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q & A Tyanna Slobe presentation</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q: Audience Member 1</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> I’m troubled.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A: Tyanna Slobe</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ok</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q: Audience Member 1</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I’m not sure… There’s a bunch of things going on so I’m just gonna throw them at the wall and see what sticks. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A: Tyanna Slobe</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Ok</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q: Audience Member 1</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I appreciate your research because I learned a lot from it. And I actually have done the “Mock White Girl” voice when I’m joking around with my friends and you’ve given me pause so I appreciate that. I think one thing that I find troubling is the flattening of a power dynamic I think, I think is what I might be hearing. So, for example, I didn’t know very much about “Mock Spanish Girl” that you talked about at the beginning. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A: Tyanna Slobe</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> “Mock Spanish”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q: Audience Member 1 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">“Mock Spanish,” I didn’t know about that but I would think that at least from what I’ve seen, the “Mock White Girl” stuff in the video is not sort of coming from the same place. So in my understanding, given the reality that the type of power that white girls have compared to other girls, and middle and upper class white girls, that the mocking of them, if we can even call it that and I’m not convinced that we can necessarily call it that, maybe a disruption of that power or a commentary on that power, just like other commentaries on that power might be. But I feel like using words like mockery or stereotypes kind of gets uncomfortably close to a reverse racism and those kinds of narratives which I have, I have problems with. So I’m troubled by that. At the same time, and not to take away from that, I’m also hearing something that is, I think, a critique on the ways that sexism is operating, that ageism is operating, and other kinds of very valid oppressions are operating and I appreciated that. So I guess I have a question for you but I also have a challenge. My question is: how in your research are you tending to the possibility that your research might lend itself very well to people who want to believe that—especially in the era of Trump, I’m Canadian so y’all have stuff going on that I’m not even gonna try to touch —-but a lot of people like to talk about how white people are being harmed in this world when they’re not in the ways that other people and people of color are. So I feel like there’s potential for your research being used as a part of that narrative, so I’m wondering if you could speak out loud about how you’re being careful if you think that’s actually true. The challenge is: if you haven’t thought of that, I dare you to because I think that there is a possibility for your research to speak to people like me who are black and queer and female and also dealing with the challenges that I exist in everyday.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A: Tyanna Slobe</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Yes, so it’s interesting that you said that, and thank you. In my MA thesis that I wrote a couple of years ago, it was before I had seen the “Shit White Girls Say” videos and it was definitely focusing on things like ageism and gender and things like that, and these other two and some other examples of videos. I saw the “Shit White Girls Say” videos about a month before I finished so I didn’t have time, to like, add this whole other section to my thesis. But since then, I have seen them and I think they’re really important because they’re using the same… And so… I am using the word stereotype because Jane Hunt (not sure of author’s name) uses it when she talks about “Mock Spanish” and like negative stereotypes ideologically associated with it, with Spanish speakers in the US and how code switching into Spanish is used in a way that’s like indexing these stereotypes. So I guess I’m using that in terms of a way to think about how things like tag questions are used to index these stereotypes about uncertainty, for example, and these broader stereotypes about whiteness. But the thing that was really important about the “Shit White Girls Say” videos is that they are not the same in terms of the critiques. Right? So like the first example and the last example are critiquing girls’ voices and like socialites, but the “Shit White Girls Say” videos are critiquing naive racism that girls of color are experiencing from white girls. I am hesitant to say that I’m critical of the “Mock White Girl,” I’m not. I used to be. When I first saw these videos I was like “Wow this is really, like, ageist.” And I took this like, you know, that’s why it originally attracted my attention. But that’s sort of the point I was trying to make I guess, is that it’s so… As a like object of analysis there’s so many different ways that this voice is heard and critiqued for so many different reasons that are really dynamic. Does that..?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q: Audience Member 1</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">If you haven’t used critical race theory, um you know the idea of intersectionality and um, you know hybrid positionality might be helpful to being able to help articulate the differences between the “Shit White Girls Say” and then the other two examples. Because that distinction that you just explained wasn’t as clear.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A: Tyanna Slobe</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">And so that may be a way to create some space to talk about it. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A: Tyanna Slobe</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Thank you, that matters, thank you. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Q: Audience Member 2</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I also think that in terms of the “Shit White Girls Say to Black Girls” in addition to what was already being said, I think that you should really seriously consider the kind of resistive act that, um, a black woman to do this, a black woman launching that kind of critique does, right? Especially in terms of thinking about in relation to a black man. Thinking historically, when we know, thinking way back to the plantation that there are ways in which black women experienced a kind of violence by white slave owner’s wives. Right? In the type of way that if black women spoke out against the slave owner’s wife, it could be really really, really quickly violent in many different ways. So I think that there’s a particular way that you should consider honoring the way that it is a resistive act for a black woman to launch that kind of critique on a white women understanding the historical context. And If you want a particular book, I do have it.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MY COMMENT:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> I have reported on this presentation, even though it never really got beyond being descriptive of a phenomenon, because it presented a sharp contrast to all the other presentations in that it put forth the question, albeit unarticulated, of whether the mockery and stereotyping of white girls and their voices and mannerisms is coming from a legitimate criticism of their bigotry or is it rather scapegoating them, using their naïve racism as the source of harmful racism in this country, rather than criticizing the white male establishment that uses the powers in has in national institutions to perpetuate inequality among different peoples. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">MADISON’S COMMENT:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">I would like to add that I see parallels between stereotyping white girls and the automatic condemnation of 2</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 8.799999999999999px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: super;">nd</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Wave and/or Western feminism. While Tyanna’s presentation was sequenced in such a way that it did not coherently frame her research to make the point she was aiming for, I think it brings up an important subject of society’s willingness to dismiss white girls and women as being uninformed and ignorantly racist.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">In fact, I noted that throughout the conference, white women were consistently asked how they reconciled their positionality in their research of topics relating to other cultures and ethnicities. Even when these women specifically stated and acknowledged their positionality over the course of their presentations, they would still be prodded for explanation when the floor was opened to questions. While there is a reality to viewing the world through “whitewashed” or “Westernized” lenses, I found that these particular questions did not contribute to the overall discussion, but seemed more like shorthanded attempts at stirring up controversy---which they never did.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">LIST OF NEW TERMS</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Positionality, Space, Post-Structural, Post-Feminist, Post-Colonialism, Post-Modern, Gender, Discourse, Representation, Performative, Femtorship, Intersectionality, Kyriarchy, Binary, Construction, Ecofeminism, Subjectivities, Subversion, Contestation, Narrative, Queer, Negotiation, Identity, Mindfulness, Neoliberal, Agency, Late Capitalism, Fetish</span></div>
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Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-32945533475894679882016-03-04T15:20:00.003-08:002016-03-04T17:53:38.817-08:00<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-VeyrLLSJz2bFmCDgpdbY8GvKnHTeqdMGlFk7hJ8BksjrdwrzRmL8fi6dLR6Kn2GvFBFEnwI1OCgwPyEPvO3Jh0aaenNEwGkLiAUUKSKDMl-jBNZ2yw47TEZwKfehylCto3kt8yY4P4Zm/s1600/SCOTUs_caricautrue.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-VeyrLLSJz2bFmCDgpdbY8GvKnHTeqdMGlFk7hJ8BksjrdwrzRmL8fi6dLR6Kn2GvFBFEnwI1OCgwPyEPvO3Jh0aaenNEwGkLiAUUKSKDMl-jBNZ2yw47TEZwKfehylCto3kt8yY4P4Zm/s200/SCOTUs_caricautrue.jpg" width="200" /></a><br />
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<b>CAROL DOWNER’S FEMINIST CRYSTAL BALL:</b></div>
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<a href="webkit-fake-url://038a25eb-e3a0-428c-b0a9-daac2c371d57/image.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="webkit-fake-url://038a25eb-e3a0-428c-b0a9-daac2c371d57/image.tiff" /></a>Tuesday, March 2, 2016, SCOTUS heard arguments on the constitutionality of Texas abortion regulations, Whole Woman’s Health vs. Hellerstedt. Various SCOTUS watchers have weighed in with cautious predictions of the decision. I offer my predictions with reckless abandon. Be forewarned, my predictions are solely to spark discussion and debate. I failed miserably to predict the shutdown of clinics in Texas. I figured the U.S. military-industrial complex needed women in the work force so much that they would not allow state legislators to pass legislation that actually shut down clinics.</div>
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HISTORICAL BASIS FOR CAROL’S CRYSTAL GAZING</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4sQaUOxrrU-EgnSmJooiH42sz00nkhzYJSTTMQbAakZG9VRcuKfzPrNsP3ujcDKlrHgJRzCUijU1RjTMnTjn2todcQSXsjp9jM1i9NDCgETjoVVW4IQewvQOcT8x0DVBJs7rMUjNGJHhD/s1600/53f7ba28231f8.image.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4sQaUOxrrU-EgnSmJooiH42sz00nkhzYJSTTMQbAakZG9VRcuKfzPrNsP3ujcDKlrHgJRzCUijU1RjTMnTjn2todcQSXsjp9jM1i9NDCgETjoVVW4IQewvQOcT8x0DVBJs7rMUjNGJHhD/s200/53f7ba28231f8.image.png" width="200" /></a><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Since the 1970’s, having a network of abortion clinics and being leaders in the abortion provider movement, our Feminist <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Women’s </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">Health Centers brought us into contact with government agencies, other abortion providers, and activists, demographers and other people high up in international population control circles. </span><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">We found that political change in the arena of abortion comes when governments are influenced to either encourage or discourage population growth by the liberal and conservative sections of the ruling elite, not from changes in the political climate. Throughout the last 50 years, abortion polls have been consistent. Generally, 20% favor legalizing abortion in all situations, 20%, favor making abortion illegal in all situations and 60% favor abortion being legal in nearly all cases.</b><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"> The violence against abortion providers and the drama that is played out in front our clinics by the 20% who oppose abortion diverts the public’s attention from the national and global political struggles within and between nations around the control of women’s fertility. </span></div>
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COMPARISON OF CAROL’S ASSUMPTIONS AND POPULAR ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT WHAT DRIVES POLITICAL DECISIONS ABOUT CONTRACEPTION AND ABORTION</div>
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CAROL’S ASSUMPTIONS<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span> POPULAR ASSUMPTIONS</div>
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<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 89px; padding: 4px; width: 212px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Each SCOTUS Justice brings their own worldview, including religion and views on women’s rights, but each are heavily influenced by their reference group re affect of abortion regulations on population growth</span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 89px; padding: 4px; width: 213px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Each SCOTUS justice bring own views of the morality of abortion and women’s rights, but may be responsive to public opinion</span></td>
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<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 59px; padding: 4px; width: 212px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">SCOTUS Justices first vote, then find the precedents and arguments which support their decision; their talents lie in their ability to rationalize any decision</span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 59px; padding: 4px; width: 213px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">SCOTUS justices are bound by precedent, but their talents lie in researching the law and creatively applying precedents with skillful argumentation.</span></td>
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<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 89px; padding: 4px; width: 212px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Ruling U.S. elite disagree about the dangers posed by Europe and U.S. low birth rates. The Right Wing calls it <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_to_Expect_When_No_One%27s_Expecting" target="_blank">“the coming demographic disaster”</a>. Liberals still favor access to abortion to keep TBR* low, but will accept policies to raise it.</span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 89px; padding: 4px; width: 213px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">The TBR* has nothing to do with the SCOTUS decision; it’s all about views on morality and women’s rights.</span></td>
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<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 59px; padding: 4px; width: 212px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Right-wing politicians care nothing about the “right to life”. They hide their true motives, to encourage birth for nationalistic reasons.</span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 59px; padding: 4px; width: 213px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Right-wing politicians want to enforce their code of sexual morality on women. They care nothing about the “right to life”.</span></td>
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<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 74px; padding: 4px; width: 212px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Liberal politicians care nothing about “choice”. The hide their motives, to solve social problems solely through controlling population, behind a façade of caring about women’s rights. </span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 74px; padding: 4px; width: 213px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Liberal politicians care about women’s “choice”, and of course they do want women’s votes. </span></td>
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<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 74px; padding: 4px; width: 212px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Liberal elite is not as worried about population explosion as it was, because demographic experts’ models now show <a href="http://ourworldindata.org/data/population-growth-vital-statistics/future-world-population-growth/"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 255); color: blue;"><u>world population growth leveling out mid-century, then slowly declining.</u></span></a></span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); height: 74px; padding: 4px; width: 213px;" valign="top"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">Population growth is not slowing down fast enough; we can’t change consumption ways or destruction of environment.</span></td>
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History and Possible Effect of SCOTUS upholding Texas Regulations</div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">Roe v. Wade</span> made the decision to have an abortion between a woman and her doctor, but it included a “however” which gave a back door through which a woman’s right could be partially or completely negated by giving states the right to regulate the delivery of abortion. Through a succession of decisions, reductions to women’s access to abortion have been ruled constitutional as long as they do not constitute “an undue burden”. </div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Now, forty-plus years later, SCOTUS, if it were to rule the Texas regulations contested in Whole Woman’s Health vs. Hellerstedt constitutional, a handful of Texas abortion providers will remain open, and within a few years, most other states will pass similar regulations. Access to abortion would then go back to pre <span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">Roe v. Wade</span> levels.</div>
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Studious peering into my crystal ball reveals:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZxLsVvxdJD9TslOKsJqm6iJfnBTMBaB-MMAapmjvEIEYTLszepRijwPjD6uKJgxNuME2h51hHwrfHq3CrHWOnsbJhaB1q9h4WWA9AiW1nfDcI-X4U1F-0ypK4uEKetzgIg3xY4RDoWhYk/s1600/Crystal-Ball-12-27-09-iStock_000003107697XSmall.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="158" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZxLsVvxdJD9TslOKsJqm6iJfnBTMBaB-MMAapmjvEIEYTLszepRijwPjD6uKJgxNuME2h51hHwrfHq3CrHWOnsbJhaB1q9h4WWA9AiW1nfDcI-X4U1F-0ypK4uEKetzgIg3xY4RDoWhYk/s200/Crystal-Ball-12-27-09-iStock_000003107697XSmall.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>I don’t think <span style="font-family: "times"; line-height: normal;">SCOTUS</span> will uphold both regulations. You don’t need a crystal ball to know that as other states pass similar regulations, the present social upheaval in Texas would spread throughout the country, and women’s collective memory is not so short that they would allow such an abrupt return to pre <span style="font-kerning: none; text-decoration: underline;">Roe v. Wade </span>situation without reviving the protests and the widespread civil disobedience like openly setting up illegal clinics, or learning how to do abortion ourselves. Today, the online mail order distribution of the drug combination of mifepristone pills and misoprostol pills would enable thousands or even millions of women to self-abort, creating a new class of criminals, a minority of those women who have tried to abort themselves who have been arrested when they go to the hospital with complications.</div>
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<b>SCOTUS WILL NOT STRIKE DOWN BOTH HB2 REGULATIONS.<span style="font-family: "apple chancery"; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;"> </span></b></div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>As much as I would like to think that SCOTUS will reject both the regulation requiring that a doctor performing an abortion have admitting privileges at a hospital within 30 miles and the regulation requiring a clinic to meet the standards of an Ambulatory Surgical Center, my ball grew murky, but I could see some form of regulation in it. The Total Birth Rate (TBR) is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_rate#Current"><span style="color: #0433ff; line-height: normal;">1.9</span></a>, and something more than requiring minors to get parental consent, cutting off funds for poor women, waiting periods and shaming consent procedures will be needed to raise it—at least a tad. </div>
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SCOTUS could decide that, <b>with some changes</b>, one or both of the regulations do not create an undue burden for women seeking abortion. This will allow some abortion clinics to stay open, so the TBR will stay low, but it will not go much lower. I see some regulations, but I can’t see SCOTUS ordering modifications to the hospital admitting privilege requirement. Most abortions in the U.S. occur in a clinic setting, because hospitals don’t like to do them, and don’t like abortionists. Further, they don’t like abortion complications being treated at their hospital. would necessitate some changes in the way hospitals run their businesses, and even SCOTUS can’t tangle with the nation’s hospitals. Also, doctors would get very upset if their hands are tied to perform legal procedures. Also, is most states passed the regulation, nearly all abortion clinics outside metropolitan areas would be eliminated, ergo, the hospital admitting privilege requirement is probably history. </div>
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<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>My crystal ball was all cloudy when I asked this question, but, as an officer and board member of the National Abortion <span style="font-family: "herculanum"; font-size: x-small;">F</span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ederation and abortion provider for many years, I know there are many options a regulator has to choose from, and I would expect the Texas legislators to pick those that impose some burden on providers, but not as many as Ambulatory Surgical Center regulations, as presently written, would. Also, SCOTUS no doubt is aware of the millions of dollars that the highly visible Planned Parenthood Association has received from women sending in checks each time PP is attacked; they may feel confident that Planned Parenthood could erect ASC-type clinics around the country. If the barrier to having minimally adequate clinics is reduced to a mostly financial one, vigorous fund-raising on the part of all abortion providers would enable the majority of our nation’s clinics to keep their doors open</span>.</span></div>
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UH, OH, my crystal has returned to its ornamental state on my mantle. While we’re waiting for the decision, I’d love to hear about what you see in YOUR crystal ball (or tarot cards or in the stars). After all, SCOTUS isn’t the only game in town for devious feminist thinking. </div>
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Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-79444340746187024332016-02-23T12:18:00.004-08:002016-02-23T12:19:41.095-08:00<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>SPOTLIGHT: A Feminist Film Review by Carol Downer</b><br />
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It's great for those of us who see the institution of patriarchy as oppressing the class of women when a movie comes along that shows clearly how patriarchy works in society. The Oscar-nominated and award-winning film, Spotlight, released in 2015, recounts the story of how the molestation of many young children by Catholic priests in Boston, Massachusetts was covered up until reporters from the Boston Globe exposed it.<br />
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Even those who scoff at the term "patriarchy" to refer to anything other than the type of family structure headed up by males, agree that the hierarchy of the Catholic Church has a patriarchal structure and promotes a patriarchal family structure. So no one should quibble at the term "patriarchal conspiracy" to describe the policies of the Catholic hierarchy in Boston, which was headed up by Cardinal Law, to settle any threatened lawsuits brought by families of the victims (on the condition that they not sue), keeping information about an accused priest confidential- coupled with the decision of the Church to reassign the priest to another parish. The attempt of anyone to cover up a crime is itself a crime, and therefore, if it were to be taken to court and proven that they had done so, the Church's actions would be a criminal conspiracy.<br />
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I highly recommend that you see Spotlight because it shows this conspiracy very well, but it shows much more. It shows how various attorneys in Boston and the Boston press made this alleged criminal conspiracy successful. The phrase "old boy network" applies in this case. In Boston, a Catholic town, the prominent men that were in a position to do something went to school together and played golf together. Some shared family celebrations together. They were loath to assist in ferreting out the truth because associates who represented the Church persuaded them that the damage to the Church's reputation by bringing a spotlight to the problem would greatly outweigh whatever damage had been done to individuals. The attorneys for the victims had a duty to get justice for their clients, so when their clients decided to settle and keep quiet, they had performed their duty and had to no obligation to the public.<br />
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Spotlight shows us the pain of the victims who were haunted for years by the shattering of their childhood innocence and it also shows the power of male bonding, and the ways that patriarchal socialization effects everyone. The erring priests were able to carry out their abusive behaviors, because of the trust of the victims and their families, and they were able to go unpunished and continue their abusive behaviors because of the victims' and the Church members' unwillingness or inability to reconcile this breach of their trust with their reverence for the Church and the men who run it.<br />
<br />
Spotlight is a beautifully acted, touching film that skillfully recounts the story that most of us followed in the media, and the brilliant editing enables the viewer to answer for themselves the question most of us asked while the repercussions of the scandal unfolded: "How could this happen and go on for so long?" It's unsparing journalistic style doesn't preach any message, other than to the show the importance of vigorous journalistic investigation in a democracy and to caution all of us to not let loyalties to old friends and fear of facing unpleasant truths turn our eyes away from injustice, especially toward young and defenseless children.<br />
<br />
Note: Subsequently, it was established that the Catholic hierarchy had been engaging in the practice of transferring accused priests to locations all over the country where they were in a position to continue their abuse.<br />
<br />
Also, none of the leaders of the Catholic hierarchy have been charged with any crime. Most are still in their position, or even transferred to positions that give them more power and prestige within the Church organizations. <br />
<br />Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-34195152731683059652016-01-28T14:34:00.001-08:002016-01-28T14:39:11.215-08:00<!--[if !mso]>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">REPORT ON MANA
CONFERENCE: 2015</b> <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Midwives Alliance of
North America Conference</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">2015, October 15 to
18. Albuquerque, New Mexico <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">By CAROL DOWNER</b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">BACKGROUND:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To promote my <a href="http://www.womenshealthinwomenshands.org/index.htm">Pro Woman Agenda
project</a>, I attend midwifery events, such as the MANA conference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This year, I also participated in a “shadow
conference” put together by MANA member and midwife, Mary Lou Singleton and members
of <a href="http://womensliberationfront.org/">WoLF</a> (Women’s Liberation Front),
to protest a change in <a href="http://mana.org/about-us/core-competencies">MANA’s
“Core Competencies”</a> document language. “Pregnant woman” was changed to
“pregnant individual”, “mother” was changed to “birthing parent”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This was done to be inclusive of trans men
who have babies.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>WoLF had reserved a
table to discuss the issue with attendees. MANA cancelled their reservation and
refunded their fee, on the grounds that it would make the conference more
“safe”. I exhibited the WoLF literature and the announcements of the workshops
on my table.</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">THE ONLINE
CONTROVERSY BEFORE THE CONFERENCE</b></div>
</div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
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Mary Lou Singleton and fellow midwife Michelle Smith wrote
the <a href="http://womancenteredmidwifery.org/take-action/">Open Letter to
MANA a month ahead of the conference, placing it on the website, Women-Centered
Midwifery</a> with 190 signatories. <a href="http://www.birthforeverybody.org/response-to-open-letter/">Birth for
Everybody</a> set up a website, including <a href="https://www.genderspectrum.org/quick-links/understanding-gender/">hyperlinks
to other sites</a> to further explain their support for the language change
with 625 signatories. Supporters of the language change</div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBB_7f4Rcz6oiTBa0CyMhRG4VIMRDvXpMnAVAW2uXyQIWijEvqagc8Is3DoeLw3HLJ-Nn785fc_jZSNFMcm6hMMJyMDAKQzzkmKprHb5pYye310QyroyKP2ZhAIC6Wl7CYBX19VSHJBo_E/s1600/image6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBB_7f4Rcz6oiTBa0CyMhRG4VIMRDvXpMnAVAW2uXyQIWijEvqagc8Is3DoeLw3HLJ-Nn785fc_jZSNFMcm6hMMJyMDAKQzzkmKprHb5pYye310QyroyKP2ZhAIC6Wl7CYBX19VSHJBo_E/s200/image6.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Midwife for Every Body Buttons</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<a href="https://www.change.org/p/birth-and-beyond-conference-remove-ina-may-gaskin-as-a-speaker">set
up a petition to ban a prominent midwife Ina May Gaskin from speaking at future
conferences</a>.</div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span>The Open Letter sparked other online responses, including a <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/trevor-macdonald/transphobia-in-the-midwif_b_8131520.html">blog
on Huffington Post</a> from a trans man, <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/trevor-macdonald/">Trevor MacDonald</a>.
Mary Lou commented on this first blog, prompting a <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/trevor-macdonald/leading-midwifes-deleted-_b_8150284.html">second
blog which contained outright misrepresentations of what Mary Lou had said</a>
in her comment that was obvious to anyone who read the photo of her comment
that he had placed there.
<span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><br />
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The Loss of a Good Friend: Pati Garcia, who went to
midwifery school in Texas three years ago signed the Birth for Every Body
response and placed it on her Facebook Page.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I followed the very long thread of comments she received, all in
complete agreement with her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
commenter said that she was upset to see respected pioneers in birth, such as
Ina May Gaskin, on the list of signers to the Women-Centered Midwifery Open
Letter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pati’s response was to say that
I was one of the signers that she knew very well, and that she had stopped associating
with me because I am racist. She said that I said that women of color have too
many doors being opened for them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of
course, I have never said this nor do I believe it, so I wrote Pati to admonish
her on her ad hominem attack (I never quite understood what that was until it
happened to me).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I saw her at the
conference many times because she staffed a table with others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anyone who knows me and Pati knows that we
were closely associated for several years and I was privileged to help her with
her founding of Shodhini.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I know that
her slur will not damage my reputation with those who know me and work with me,
but her personal attack deeply wounded me.</div>
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Perhaps this is one reason this report has taken so long to
write.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It may show the level of acrimony that exists
in the movement over this disputed debate. </div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">SHADOW CONFERENCE
SCHEDULE</b></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "cambria" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br clear="all" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a 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" /></a> </div>
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<a href="https://radfemrepost.wordpress.com/tag/mana/">”Women’s Liberation is
Based on Sex, Not Gender,” Kathy Scarbrough.</a></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://radfemrepost.wordpress.com/tag/mana/">“History of the Women’s
Self-Help Movement”, Carol Downer.</a></span></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://radfemrepost.wordpress.com/tag/mana/">“Confronting the Gender
Industrial Complex”, Mark (Maritza) & Lynna (Paul).</a></span></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://radfemrepost.wordpress.com/tag/mana/">“Women’s Body for Sale: the
growing market in eggs, milk and wombs with a Personal Story,” Mary Lou
Singleton.</a></span></div>
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<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://radfemrepost.wordpress.com/tag/mana/">“Cervical Self-Exam
Workshop”, Laura Perez and Carol Downer</a></span></div>
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WoLF activities: WoLF members (who had traveled to attend
the conference and protest) distributed leaflets announcing their
workshops.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Six WoLF members and
supporters attended a plenary program presented by <a href="http://www.samuelkillermann.com/">Sam Killerman</a> (<a href="http://itspronouncedmetrosexual.com/2012/03/the-genderbread-person-v2-0/">Gender
Bread Person</a>) and WoLF hosted an informal discussion about the forced
professionalization of midwifery.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKi9CWKkXSlBx1nXyLBmnHBVkKT0M-XwbX-S9wikBG2q8TltnZXbvjFg_oZ5aqmCtQDDbd0jQES-myOLO6zYce4RJ-DyAPuAvlK3iZHM6PdEPgWo4k-5T_m_0MjGPWuyWTP3uHgAkTezYN/s1600/image8.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKi9CWKkXSlBx1nXyLBmnHBVkKT0M-XwbX-S9wikBG2q8TltnZXbvjFg_oZ5aqmCtQDDbd0jQES-myOLO6zYce4RJ-DyAPuAvlK3iZHM6PdEPgWo4k-5T_m_0MjGPWuyWTP3uHgAkTezYN/s200/image8.jpeg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">WHWH.ORG TABLE</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4pYZUlbj57SBv9iPfmchpA3__PV9KcYJbFJxBrayBI5kDe-7IRsAI1M6z2b1_cTkeauWFwvJDXKN7EXJthHiWAgr8GDCVQtRSTLXcXk_bQpLCjcDkyGMxyUdQyu_ex7oE0pSEqjQ-U8dO/s1600/image9.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4pYZUlbj57SBv9iPfmchpA3__PV9KcYJbFJxBrayBI5kDe-7IRsAI1M6z2b1_cTkeauWFwvJDXKN7EXJthHiWAgr8GDCVQtRSTLXcXk_bQpLCjcDkyGMxyUdQyu_ex7oE0pSEqjQ-U8dO/s200/image9.jpeg" width="200" /></a>One of the officers of MANA came by to visit my table to see
that I wasn’t violating the agreement regarding the literature that all
exhibitors have to comply with.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We had
met at a prior MANA conference.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was
borderline civil; she stopped just short of being nasty and she let me know
they were keeping an eye on me and would be back to check to see that, although
I’m a member of WoLF, I was not just a front for WoLF.</div>
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Our table was poorly located, and I didn’t have too many
visitors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the few that came by
were quite interested and had interesting things to share.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We talked some about the controversy, but mostly
people were interested in the books and leaflets I had on display.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All the brochures for the <a href="http://www.transhealthinitiative.org/">Trans Health Initiative at the
Feminist Health Center in Atlanta</a> were snapped up. I hope the program
became known to midwives around the country.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As usual, my copy of <a href="http://radicaldoula.com/">Radical Doula</a>
attracted a lot of interest, until it, along with all of my WoLF literature,
disappeared during the night.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIU5g0VIP-aLa5dv7PqYFdFUXxC3JZV0M7Mf4TJ0pc9uFnhEocVT4lQfT2wD_tkw4wvuIhdCAuvwrQfRnm_pHyayugKonC8twonjI2TDy3a6DuFWdLdk3JOSs7lXYO0miMvSD90TBHrx03/s1600/logo.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIU5g0VIP-aLa5dv7PqYFdFUXxC3JZV0M7Mf4TJ0pc9uFnhEocVT4lQfT2wD_tkw4wvuIhdCAuvwrQfRnm_pHyayugKonC8twonjI2TDy3a6DuFWdLdk3JOSs7lXYO0miMvSD90TBHrx03/s320/logo.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ATTORNEYS FOR
CHILDREN INJURED BY VACCINE</b>
</div>
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An organization of attorneys, <a href="http://knowyourvaccines.com/">Know Your Vaccines</a>, was located across
from my table.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I learned from the woman
staffing it that the government recognizes that the vaccines given to babies
and young children do cause severe injury to a certain number.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To protect the manufacturer from being hit by
big damages from lawsuits from parents, the government has set up a fund to
help parents to care for children who require years of institutional care, but
attorneys are needed to help parents with the complicated process to qualify
for the money. </div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">OUTCOME OF CONTROVERSY</b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 9.0pt;">
MANA, like many liberal women’s
organizations, quickly accepted the demands of the trans gender community to
change its language to be gender-neutral.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They had a speaker, Sam Killerman, and they have accepted his views of
gender. </div>
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Some of the women who came to
the table told me that at the opening Plenary Session, a MANA speaker had
said that MANA “is still discussing the issue”, so they had the impression
that perhaps there would be a reversal of MANA’s change.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one has offered to discuss the issue any
further with Mary Lou or Michelle, both of whom have been active in the
organization for years and held high office.</div>
</td>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">IMPORTANT POST-CONFERENCE
ARTICLE TO SHARE</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><a href="http://womenshealthinwomenshands.org/">Women’s Health in Women’s Hands</a>
has just come across an article in an online magazine, Model View Culture, by
Kyra, December 10, 2014, <a href="https://modelviewculture.com/pieces/how-to-uphold-white-supremacy-by-focusing-on-diversity-and-inclusion">“How
to Uphold White Supremacy by Focusing on Diversity and Inclusion”<span style="mso-bookmark: _GoBack;"></span></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
article would have changed the dialogue about being “inclusive”. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Kyra shows how white supremacist
liberalism uses the demands for diversity and inclusion by working to ignore
and erase difference rather than to undo oppression.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, she is speaking from the viewpoint
of oppressed people of color and people with marginalized identities with
racial/gender/sexual backgrounds, but her analysis of the change to gender-neutral
language in MANA’s guidelines is very applicable. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-66225255024746766522016-01-27T14:48:00.001-08:002016-01-27T14:49:24.910-08:00Tangerines are Oranges? Trans Women are Women?<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"><u><span style="text-decoration: none;"></span></u></a><u><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgYQj9uon2__8ArQB_zYmz0uaKGy1TiVlQdLvoIATqh_Ga7GxiqncdEt_tGpPzKl8o9VtvuIDjAAmFg5rBJT1U1Z7viw0q9gzAagkQQuJp7ru0T8CnALxDr-IryZJQ79jTroIS0fYZl9S9/s1600/tangerine_magnolia_pictures.jpg" imageanchor="1"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgYQj9uon2__8ArQB_zYmz0uaKGy1TiVlQdLvoIATqh_Ga7GxiqncdEt_tGpPzKl8o9VtvuIDjAAmFg5rBJT1U1Z7viw0q9gzAagkQQuJp7ru0T8CnALxDr-IryZJQ79jTroIS0fYZl9S9/s320/tangerine_magnolia_pictures.jpg" width="320" /></a> </u></div>
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<span style="mso-bookmark: _GoBack;"><u>Author’s Introduction:</u></span></div>
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<br />
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As I was writing this feminist critique of the movie, Tangerine,
I felt overwhelmed by the near unanimity of praise for this supposed comedy
from the critics, even female critics.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So, I was gratified to read of a <a href="https://gendertrender.wordpress.com/2015/11/15/tangerine-london-film-premiere-hit-by-lesbian-nation-protest/">protest
by Lesbian Nation at the London film premier of the film. </a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>
Go sisters!</div>
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In preparation for writing this article, I also came across
an interesting piece of information on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine">Wikipedia</a>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a>
In summary, it states that the tangerine (Citrus tangerina) is an orange
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(Citrus reticulata).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Under one
classification system it is considered a separate species, under another, a
group of varieties. The term tangerine may yet acquire a different genetic
meaning. </div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">TANGERINES
ARE ORANGES? TRANS WOMEN ARE WOMEN?</span></b></div>
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By Carol Downer</div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">SPOILER ALERT!</i></div>
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Sean Baker’s <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3824458">Tangerine</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a>
films a day in the life of two trans women street sex workers in Los
Angeles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alexandra tells Sin Dee, who
has just been released from a month’s jail sentence, Chester (her lover and
pimp) had sex with the new girl, a “fish” “with a vagina”, during her
absence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sin Dee charges off to find and
confront him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alexandra goes to find customers
and hand out leaflets to fellow sex workers to publicize her up-coming
performance that evening, Christmas Eve.</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I watched Tangerine to learn more about trans
gender women, especially since the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/magazine/making-bathrooms-more-accommodating.html?_r=0">trans
community has been vociferously asserting their demand to be included in
women-only spaces</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_edn4" name="_ednref4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[iv]</span></span></span></span></a>,
including public bathrooms, women’s festivals and separatist meetings <a href="http://www.pqmonthly.com/a-case-study-in-transmisogyny-film-reviews-of-tangerine/23106">on
the grounds that they are “women”.</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_edn5" name="_ednref5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[v]</span></span></span></span></a>
<a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34625512">Others hotly debate this.</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_edn6" name="_ednref6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[vi]</span></span></span></span></a>
</div>
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The film unerringly captures the
dynamic of the gender relationships between men and women and how trans women
fit into it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sin Dee and Alexandra are
males who identify as women, but, from what I saw, their main similarity to
women is their outer appearance and the ways in which they defer to men.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I witnessed the possible arising of new
gender/s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If it is, this new gender of
trans women can be just as hateful to women as the most sexist men, and are as oppressive
to women as the other males in the film.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The plot plays out the gender hierarchy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The male pimp exploits both trans women and “fish”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Razmik, male cab driver who’s also Alexandra’s
customer, cheats on his wife and deserts his family’s Christmas dinner to hear
her perform.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sin Dee goes to a “party
room” at a motel and violently overpowers the “fish” (we eventually learn she is
named Dinah), dragging her by the hair across town to accost Chester at the
doughnut shop that he works out of.</div>
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Both Sin Dee and Alexandra, use their
testosterone-created size and musculature to survive on the mean streets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alexandra squares off to physically collect
her fee from a welching client, reminding him, “I have a dick too”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sin Dee kicks down the door to the motel party
room and grabs Dinah, pulling her onto the bus.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Making a stop at the bar to see Alexandra perform, she relaxes her
brutal treatment only long enough to repair the damage she’s done to her
make-up so that she can appear to be a respectable member of Alexandra’s
audience, and gives her have a hit of methamphetamine to feel better.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alexandra watches Dinah when Sin Dee can’t.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>All of the
males, including Sin Dee and Alexandra, treat all the women in the film
disrespectfully.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sin Dee insults the
hairstyle of Razmik’s wife when she comes to the donut shop where Chester, Sin
Dee, Alexandra and Dinah and Razmik are, to see for herself that her husband is
not working, but is with prostitutes. She’s faced with her husband’s expensive
sex habits, and admits that she’s dependent on her husband for support, so she
goes home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The mother-in-law asserts the
gender role she probably learned growing up in Isfahan, denouncing and exposing
her son-in-law for having sex with prostitutes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Everyone, including Chester, subjects Dinah to verbal abuse (he can’t
remember her name either), and he slams her head against a table. After Chester
mollifies Sin Dee by proposing marriage, the “fish” is left to find her own way
home, moneyless, poorly clad, and then jobless, homeless and shoeless.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No one notices her plight nor cares.</div>
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As in real life, other than buying
doughnuts for the group as a way of apologizing for all the suffering he’s caused,
the man comes out unscathed, dismissing the whole brouhaha as a “girl thing”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The transgender sex workers come to terms with
their respective places on the man’s totem pole.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Razmik has lost face and is miserable because
he’s trapped in a heterosexual family situation despite having an attraction to
trans women.</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Tangerine
is billed as a <a href="http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-tangerine-review-20150710-story.html">“girlfriend
movie”</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_edn7" name="_ednref7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[vii]</span></span></span></span></a>,
because Sin Dee and Alexandra come back together after they fight when it comes
out that Chester had sex with Alexandra also.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They reunite when Sin Dee is a victim of a drive-by assault from a
carful of men. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alexandra helping her
recover is a touching scene. Not only does it show their friendship, but to me
it shows something equally heart-warming—gender solidarity.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Trans women will do better, I think, to unite
to fight for their rights as a new gender rather than re-defining what it is to
be a woman, thus weakening the sisterhood of women by insisting on a broader
definition to include people who don’t have uteruses and cannot give birth. It
ignores how the gender of woman has (and continues to be) shaped under
oppressive control of our reproduction—and by not seeing what womanhood could
be if patriarchal control of our reproduction were overthrown.</div>
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Comment: Although the intent of filmmakers is usually irrelevant
in evaluating their artistic effort, it is relevant to the discussion of how
reflective Tangerine is of reality.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><a href="http://www.npr.org/2015/07/21/424966750/a-downtrodden-l-a-corner-inspires-comedy-and-friendship-in-tangerine">In
interviews with Sean Baker</a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_edn8" name="_ednref8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">[viii]</span></span></span></span></a>,
the co-author, cinematographer, director, editor and producer, he talked about
the collaboration of the actresses who play the leads.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mya Taylor, who played Alexandra, asked him
to make the movie realistic but funny.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He tried to make “a movie that these women would enjoy themselves.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I presume that means that these actresses and
their community were gratified that film viewers would see the brutality
they’re subjected to by gender-enforcing men, but also they would get a lot of
big laughs at seeing the brutalization and degradation of women.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Also, it’s surprising that no gay men or lesbians are in the
film, since the gay community lives nearby and because Tangerine focuses on the
overall cultural shift from stereotypical male-female coupling. </div>
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<br /></div>
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The area where the film takes place is light
industrial.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many, many small
film-production businesses are there.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>So, it is a thriving part of “Hollywood”, even though it has none of the
trappings of Hollywood glamour</div>
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<br /></div>
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Creative contribution by Madison René Knapp </div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://gendertrender.wordpress.com/2015/11/15/tangerine-london-film-premiere-hit-by-lesbian-nation-protest/">https://gendertrender.wordpress.com/2015/11/15/tangerine-london-film-premiere-hit-by-lesbian-nation-protest/</a></div>
</div>
<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine</a></div>
</div>
<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3824458/">http://www.imdb.com/title/tt3824458/</a></div>
</div>
<div id="edn4" style="mso-element: endnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[iv]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/magazine/making-bathrooms-more-accommodating.html?_r=2%09">http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/22/magazine/making-bathrooms-more-accommodating.html?_r=2<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></a></div>
</div>
<div id="edn5" style="mso-element: endnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_ednref5" name="_edn5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[v]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.pqmonthly.com/a-case-study-in-transmisogyny-film-reviews-of-tangerine/23106">http://www.pqmonthly.com/a-case-study-in-transmisogyny-film-reviews-of-tangerine/23106</a></div>
</div>
<div id="edn6" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_ednref6" name="_edn6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[vi]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34625512">http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34625512</a></div>
</div>
<div id="edn7" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_ednref7" name="_edn7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[vii]</span></span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-tangerine-review-20150710-story.html">http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-tangerine-review-20150710-story.html</a></div>
</div>
<div id="edn8" style="mso-element: endnote;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6525712662140765695#_ednref8" name="_edn8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">[viii]</span></span></span></span></a>
<a href="http://www.npr.org/2015/07/21/424966750/a-downtrodden-l-a-corner-inspires-comedy-and-friendship-in-tangerine">http://www.npr.org/2015/07/21/424966750/a-downtrodden-l-a-corner-inspires-comedy-and-friendship-in-tangerine</a></div>
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<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<b>See the article now on</b> <a href="http://dodsonandross.com/blogs/cdowner/2016/01/trans-women-will-do-better-fight-their-rights-new-gender" target="_blank">DodsonandRoss.com </a><b>and</b> <a href="http://womensliberationfront.org/tangerines-are-oranges-trans-women-are-women/" target="_blank">WomensLiberationFront.org !</a> </div>
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</div>
Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-66897048905917795152015-11-02T14:54:00.000-08:002015-11-03T13:21:47.553-08:00QUESTIONS: WILL GERMAINE GREER’S LECTURE AT CARDIFF UNIVERSITY ON NOVEMBER 18, 2015 TAKE PLACE, AND IF SO, WILL IT BE WITHOUT DISRUPTION?<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;">WILL MEMBERS OF THE TRANSGENDER COMMUNITY,
THROUGH LIES AND DISTORTIONS, BE ABLE TO DESTROY GERMAINE GREER’S REPUTATION,
NO MATTER WHAT SHE SAYS?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>
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Dear Readers:</div>
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<br /></div>
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My assistant, Madison, and I spent several days on the
following entry. I realize that it is date and fact-filled, not a casual
read.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, whether we like it or
not, a new era is upon us, in which not only are feminists having strong disagreements
within ourselves on the issue of whether trans women are women, these
disagreements are rancorous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are
tearing us apart.</div>
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<br /></div>
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I believe it is worthwhile to read through this blog entry,
and I also believe that opening up each hyperlinks and reading full article is
highly educational.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I am hyperlinking you to <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/payton-quinn/germaine-greer_b_8366838.html">Payton
Quinn’s article on huffingtonpost.co.uk</a> because she does really get past
the name-calling, and states her reason for thinking that “the safety of trans
people outweighs the rights of cis women to question the validity of their
gender expression.”</div>
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<br /></div>
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Let me hear what you think.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In Sisterhood, <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>Carol Downer</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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P.S.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of course, I
believe that I do recognize the validity of trans women’s gender expression, I
only question that they can appropriate the term “women”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(I believe that “trans women” is the correct
term).</div>
</div>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><img align="none" data-cke-saved-src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/2fd5591fff5b4fd659141d786/images/5ccd4348-ff8c-41c4-8fab-3dd5e627c04f.jpg" height="119" src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/2fd5591fff5b4fd659141d786/images/5ccd4348-ff8c-41c4-8fab-3dd5e627c04f.jpg" style="margin: 0px;" width="136" /></span></span><span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><img align="none" data-cke-saved-src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/2fd5591fff5b4fd659141d786/images/5ccd4348-ff8c-41c4-8fab-3dd5e627c04f.jpg" height="119" src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/2fd5591fff5b4fd659141d786/images/5ccd4348-ff8c-41c4-8fab-3dd5e627c04f.jpg" style="margin: 0px;" width="136" /></span></span><span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><img align="none" data-cke-saved-src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/2fd5591fff5b4fd659141d786/images/5ccd4348-ff8c-41c4-8fab-3dd5e627c04f.jpg" height="119" src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/2fd5591fff5b4fd659141d786/images/5ccd4348-ff8c-41c4-8fab-3dd5e627c04f.jpg" style="margin: 0px;" width="136" /></span></span><span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><img align="none" data-cke-saved-src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/2fd5591fff5b4fd659141d786/images/5ccd4348-ff8c-41c4-8fab-3dd5e627c04f.jpg" height="119" src="https://gallery.mailchimp.com/2fd5591fff5b4fd659141d786/images/5ccd4348-ff8c-41c4-8fab-3dd5e627c04f.jpg" style="margin: 0px;" width="136" /></span></span><span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Germaine Greer doesn’t consider post-operative
M-to-F transgender people to be women.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She states this opinion forthrightly.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She also makes it clear that in no way does she oppose anyone’s
decision to go through the procedure to appear and behave like the gender they
identify with, and she will use the gender pronouns each person requests as a
courtesy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nevertheless, transgender activists
call her misogynistic claiming she continually misgenders trans women and
denies the existence of transphobia altogether—and many feminists agree with
them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They do not address the key issue:
does considering transgender women not to be women constitute bigotry in and of
itself?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the continued misquoting and
distortions of Greer’s statements, they destroy her reputation for opinions and
statements she’s <u>not</u> made, rather than ever discussing the statements
she has made.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>An online controversy erupted after
an <a href="https://www.change.org/p/cardiff-university-do-not-host-germaine-greer?recruiter=59862098&utm_source=share_petition&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=share_twitter_responsive&rp_sharecordion_checklist=control">online
petition</a> asked that the speech Greer is scheduled to give at Cardiff
University be cancelled.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>BBC2’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Newsnight</i> interviewed Greer on October
23<sup>rd</sup>, to respond to the petitioner’s charges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>My reading of a <a href="http://www.butterfliesandwheels.org/2015/guest-post-transcript-of-newsnight-interview-with-germaine-greer/">transcript
of the interview</a> shows Germaine Greer does not misgender trans women or
express transmisogynistic views.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite
this, she’s been misquoted and various statements have been incorrectly
attributed to her to further attack her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Kirsty Wark’s questions create a veritable minefield
for Greer to negotiate. Wark clumsily misgenders trans women throughout.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, she asks “if a man who is gender
reassigned, and outwardly—and he feels, inwardly, he’s a woman--in your view
can he be a woman or not?"</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Several online newspapers covered
the story, and kept to the facts, ignoring Wark’s inept questions and accurately
quoted Greer’s answers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, several
commentaries in online media and blogs misquote her, others attribute
statements to her that she never made.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In none of the attacks, did they address her controversial opinion that
men cannot become women through drugs and surgery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Instead, they put insulting or sarcastic
terms and language in Greer’s mouth to characterize her as transmisogynistic.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Richard Dawkins, an ethologist and
an evolutionary biologist, decried the petition in a series of tweets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He defended open debate at the university.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was then accused of insulting the
transgender community, although my reading of the language of the tweets
clearly showed otherwise.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">The amazing part is that it is possible for anyone to
see these misquotes and distortions for themselves, because the disputed
language is still online, yet the character assassination continues. So, it has
to be asked, are the detractors so angry that their rational faculties have deserted
them?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or, do they assume that no one
will go back and check for the accuracy of their statements?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or, have the lines in the sand been drawn so
deeply on this issue that the author assumes their audience will just read the
headline and skip through to the “juicy parts” not caring if the statement is
accurate?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>RICHARD DAWKINS DID NOT SAY THAT
THOSE WHO DISAGREE WITH GERMAINE GREER SHOULD NOT BE AT UNIVERSITY</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Amy Walker, on October 26, 2015,
starts her article, “Richard Dawkins Insults Transgender Community” by copying
a series of Richard Dawkins’ tweets.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One
tweet: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Students who suppress a
distinguished scholar’s lecture because they disagree with her have no place in
a university.” (<a href="http://planettransgender.com/richard-dawkins-insults-transgender-community/">online
article on Planettransgender.com</a>)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She then comments, “Yes, a university may not be a ‘safe space’, but to
claim that people who disagree with a ‘distinguished scholar’ should not be at
university is farcical….”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><u>Dawkins not only did not claim
that people who disagree should not be at university</u>, he said the opposite.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His other tweet said, “Those who think it’s
nonsense are entitled to stay away.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Or
come and argue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They should not censor
views they think are nonsense.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Amy Walker either cannot read
accurately, or her strong feelings are blinding her; otherwise, why would she
display her own bias by running his actual statements right next to her
distorted version of his statement for all to read?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>And what about
Planettransgender.com?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Are articles
reviewed to check for blatant errors?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">GERMAINE
GREER DID NOT REFER TO CAITLYN JENNER AS “HE/SHE”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"> In
my experience, the use of the term, “he/she”, is derogatory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the U.S., if Greer used this term in her
interview with Kirsty Wark on BBC’s <i>Newsnight</i>, she would definitely be called
out by feminists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, did she do so?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>My reading of Wark’s question that preceded
her statement, and her full reply casts doubt on the charge that she used the
term “he/she”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"> In
the <a href="http://www.butterfliesandwheels.org/2015/guest-post-transcript-of-newsnight-interview-with-germaine-greer/">“Amateur”
transcript by commenter eigensprocket:UK</a> that I read, Greer utters these
syllables in response to the following question from Kirsty Wark:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“But are people, you would say necessarily,
born a woman, or born feeling female.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>And if he feels more female..? (OPENS HANDS QUESTION GESTURE)…"</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">Wark’s
question is unintelligible to me.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Is she
referring to “people” or to “he”?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"> Greer
answers Wark’s earlier question about what Greer thinks about Jenner being
considered for an award for being Glamour magazine's woman of the year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She continues Wark’s use of “he” and then
shifts over to “she” and refers to “other female members of the family”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“It
seems to me that he…that, ah, what was going on there is that he…he/she…ah,
wanted the limelight that the other female members of the family were
enjoying….”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"> Omitting
punctuation marks, Greer said three pronouns in a row; “he”, then “he” again
and then “she”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The transcriber uses “…”
several times to indicate that Greer momentarily paused between these pronouns,
and then paused between them and the rest of the sentence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The transcriber’s slash creates the term he/she,
even though the rest of the sentence shows she accepted Jenner’s
self-definition as one of the female members of the family.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"> Greer stated earlier in the
interview that she would use the pronouns that a transgendered person wants as
a courtesy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Reviewing the context shows
that Greer rebounded from a poorly-framed question to refer to Jenner using
female pronouns and included her among her female relatives.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>On <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/oct/27/germaine-greer-transphobia-cardiff-feminism-inclusive?CMP=share_btn_tw#comment-62238541">October
27<sup>th</sup>, Kate Lyons’ commentary on Theguardian.com</a> repeated the
charge that Germaine Greer misgendered Jenner by “referring to her as
he/she.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lyons presumably was relying on
a excerpt from the Guardian’s transcript of the BBC2’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Newsnight</i> interview in Damien Gayle’s October 24th Guardian Article
which didn’t include Kirsty Wark’s question, nor Greer’s twice-uttered “he”. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Note: this transcript was not available
online)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">GERMAINE
GREER DID NOT SAY THAT CAITLYN JENNER, TRANSGENDER WOMEN ARE NOT ‘REAL WOMEN’</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><a href="http://jezebel.com/germaine-greer-says-caitlyn-jenner-transgender-women-a-1738550360">October
25<sup>th</sup>, online magazine, jezebel.com ran Stassa Edwards commentary</a>
on Greer’s BBC2’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Newsnight</i>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The headline “Germaine Greer Says Caitlyn
Jenner, Transgender Women Are Not ‘Real Women’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>According to the transcript I
viewed, Greer did not make that statement on BBC2’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Newsnight, </i>nor was there any discussion of any prior statement that
transwomen were not “real women.” <u>And, if she ever made such a statement, Damien
Gayle didn’t mention it in his Guardian article</u>, October 24, which Edwards’
cited as her source, <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/oct/24/caitlyn-jenner-wanted-limelight-of-female-kardashians-germaine-greer">“Caitlyn
Jenner ‘wanted limelight of female Kardashians’- Germaine Greer,
htttp://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/Oct/24/caitlyn-jenner-wanted-limelight-of-female-kardashians-germaine-greer</a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;">DOES
GREER THINK THAT TRANSGENDER WOMEN ARE NOT PROPER WOMEN</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Edwards’ disinformation about
Greer’s comment that transgender women are not ‘real’ women is adopted by <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/womens-life/11955371/Germaine-Greer-is-a-dinosaur-powerless-against-the-new-feminism.html">Kaite
Welsh in her commentary in the online Telegraph newspaper</a> to jazz up her
characterization of Greer’s opinion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Actually, Greer simply said they are not women.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small; mso-bidi-font-size: 16.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Cardiff University is not
withdrawing its invitation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Germaine
Greer has agreed to speak. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Considering
the intemperate and inaccurate statements made by Greer’s critics so far, I
wonder if the event will come off.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Also,
if she does appear on November 18, which is 2 days before Transgender Day of
Remembrance and within Trans Awareness Week, I wonder if she will encounter
protest similar to the <a href="http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/03/14/in-photos-germaine-greer-glitter-bombed-for-trans-comments/">“glitter
bombing” of March 14, 2012</a>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-12700545717369908262015-10-28T14:19:00.002-07:002015-10-29T12:10:21.773-07:00ANOTHER SECOND-WAVE FEMINIST REFUSES TO BE SILENCED BY TRANSGENDER CRITICS<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-size: small;">By Carol Downer<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> I
applaud Germaine Greer speaking the truth. <a href="http://www.butterfliesandwheels.org/2015/guest-post-transcript-of-newsnight-interview-with-germaine-greer/" target="_blank">She says it’s fine if men choose to use drugs and surgery to alter their bodies to feel more comfortable by having a female appearance, and she accords them the courtesy of using female speechforms, but it doesn’t mean that they now belong to the class of women.</a> So, trans women, and their supporters, go
ahead and call me scurrilous names and mount your campaigns to deny me any
means to publicly express my opinion. This is the time for all women that want to
preserve the gains of our women’s liberation movement to follow Greer’s example
and speak out. As ACT UP! said, “Silence
is Death”.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> You ask, why can’t everyone accept them as
being women, if they so identify? Trans
women have not had the experience of being a girl or woman their whole life, so
they do not have that deep bond that women have which is based on our capacity
to reproduce the species; they have not been, are not presently and never will
be, targets of those ruling class males who either favor or oppose population
growth. Therefore, the male-dominated society will not
accept them as women; in fact, many trans women are being beaten up and killed
by sexist males for making their outer appearance congruent with their
self-definition. Their assailants are saying, in essence, “we men
have the power to decide who is or is not a woman”. And, though some liberal left men are
probably getting a kick out seeing feminists being de-platformed and taking
their turn at being called bigots, ruling class men knows that the chief
definition of women in patriarchal society is that they are inferior, and they
will use their power to keep treating us that way. Since the patriarchy’s main goal is to control
women’s power to reproduce, the activities of gender non-conforming people do
not bother them since only a minority of them sire, gestate and rear children. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">The
debate about how to define “woman” is a sideshow, because it is based on the
assumption that we ordinary people define “woman” through our daily actions. Paradoxically,
the trans gender community preach that gender is a social construct, but they
do not analyze who is responsible for this social construct and how it is
enforced, and by whom. Instead, they
attack a woman who criticizes the male power structure responsible for the
gender stereotypes that oppress women and trans women. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">In
today’s world, the media, the internet and the public pronouncements of the
major political parties reflect back to us a picture of a society in which we
collectively create the social construct of gender, therefore, since we
collectively create it, it is presumed that we can change it by changing public
opinion. Actually, this social construct
is a result of what’s taught in our educational institutions, what’s preached
from religious pulpits, what’s enforced by laws and regulations in every phase
of our lives. Our country is ruled by
the 1% who own the corporations using control of the media, philanthropy,
lobbying, and institutions. They can’t
change the underlying physiological difference between males and females. The population is dimorphic; everyone fits,
more or less, into either male or female plus an increasing population of
people that are intersex. However, they
can decide whether our society is binary, meaning everyone if forced to be
either a man or a woman. If we want to challenge the tyranny of these rigid binary
gender roles, and feminists do, we women have to unite <u>as a class</u>, to
collectively rebel. Trans gendered people
and men can be allies and support our struggle. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">So, I will never deny Caitlyn
Jenner the right to identify as a trans woman (although she is not my favorite
trans woman, because she is anti-abortion and anti-poor people), but I will
disagree with her defining herself as a woman, thus pulling the rug out of the
definition that a woman is an adult female human, and thus destroying my
ability to establish common ground with other adult female humans.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Of
course, trans women and we women have some common male enemies, violent men who
enforce the patriarchal definition of women by assaulting or killing any man
who dares to undermine male superiority by behaving like a woman and the
members of the White, Male Supremacist ruling class. Instead of fighting feminists, trans women
would be wise to become allies of politically active adult female humans who
are working for social justice for all. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;"> I say thank you, Germaine Greer, for these candid, articulate
statements. Her courageous decision to speak out on this
“third-rail” issue may prove to bring more inspiration to the ranks of feminist
women like me, than what she would have said in her address. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: small;">Carol Downer introduced the
concept of vaginal self-examination in 1971 and co-founded the Feminist Women’s
Health Center in 1972. She is the editor
and/or co-author of several books, including a “New View of a Woman’s Body.”</span></div>
Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-61449979780870716032015-09-15T13:26:00.000-07:002015-09-15T13:26:04.122-07:00THE POWER TO DEFINE<span style="font-size: small;">Yes, transgendered men who are pregnant rightfully want to be included in MANA’s guidelines, so at first glance it seems inclusive to change “pregnant women” to “pregnant people”. So why are some of us so opposed to what seems like a direct, simple solution? </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">We don’t oppose including pregnant men in MANA’s guidelines. We oppose changing the terminology because we think that females who identify as women will not be referred to as “women”, and their “femaleness” will become invisible. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">Until the very recent past, the term “woman” was virtually synonymous with “female”. In fact, until feminist theorists distinguished gender from sex, we all conflated them. See the dictionary. Second-wave feminists fought to re-define women as equal and fought against gender stereotypes. They joined together and rejected the stigma of being women; instead they embraced being women. This positive identification with themselves and other women energized that generation. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">Of course, this was before anyone imagined that someday biological males who identified as women would, probably without realizing that it would change the definition of what was a woman. How? By insisting that anyone, male or female, who identified themselves as a woman had the right to be so regarded. Even if they had testes and a penis. This is a major re-definition, because it ignores the central fact of femaleness that we bear children, which, in male-dominated societies, has been and still is used to make us dependent. If females were equal, a woman would be able to have both a career and children, because society would be organized to make it possible.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">Some people insist that even if a person does not have, and never had ovaries and a uterus, she is still a female if she identifies as such, but most people realize that this is a denial of a biological reality. Radical feminists totally disagree with such a distortion of both history and present-day reality. Of course, if self-identified “females” or “women” joined in with females to fight for females’ reproductive control, they would be welcomed, but so far, they have not done so. In fact, some are anti-abortion, like Caitlyn Jenner. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">Also, radical feminists believe that there is a patriarchy and that the patriarchy oppresses females as a class (as well as others), and that only if females can unite, can they overcome oppression. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">Many feminists today believe that patriarchal domination is only one type of oppression, and that the way to bring about justice is for our society to evolve into a more equal, unprejudiced society. They hope this evolution will come about when each person acknowledges their privilege and confronts others who are oppressing them. To them, MANA using more gender neutral language is one way to do this. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">I propose that if we support transgendered women in their right to be women (and I do), and if we support transmen in their right to be men and, if they desire, to have children, (and I do), that we clearly define the difference between sex and gender. This means that we start with the generally accepted scientific fact that humans are basically divided into two sexes, males and females, however this distinction and the implications of this distinction have been greatly oversimplified and whatever gonads a person has, they are first and foremost human. The main difference is that male sperm is needed to impregnate a female by uniting the sperm and the ovum, and that an intact uterus in a female body is needed to produce a new human being. But this difference greatly affects a person’s experiences and opportunities and in a racist, capitalistic, sexist society, it is pretty much determinative. From a political perspective, if we hide or minimize this difference in gender-neutral language, we can’t effectively organize to change society.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">Gender is a social construct, and what we consider “masculine” or “feminine” traits are very often socially determined.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">If we adopt this proposal to define sex and gender, I suggest one of two courses:</span><br />
<ol>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">MANA reverse its decision to change the language of its Core Competencies, while searching for other ways to be inclusive of those people who are pregnant who are not women.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: small;">MANA change “pregnant people” to “pregnant females” and “pregnant males”. </span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-size: small;">An additional suggestion a colleague gave me: </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">MANA could leave “woman” in the core competencies document (which reflects the vast majority) and add a statement to it that they realize transmen don’t identify as women and if such a person becomes pregnant they deserve respectful care.</span>Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-61030175209938036422015-09-08T17:51:00.000-07:002015-09-08T17:53:44.597-07:00Dear Kayla<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">I’m
really happy to explain my views, because I believe we are standing at a
crossroads, and our rank and file has not had the necessary self-education
about the science involved in changing our bodies through drugs and surgery or
broad-based political and philosophical discussion of the theoretical and
practical implications of re-defining sex and gender.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(I am deeply concerned about transgender
civil right; I think these studies and meetings/conferences/forums need to
happen immediately.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">I’m also
glad that both the <a href="http://womancenteredmidwifery.org/take-action/" target="_blank">Open Letter</a> and the <a href="http://www.birthforeverybody.org/response-to-open-letter" target="_blank">Response</a> are carefully written and show
great respect to those who disagree.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Unfortunately, up to now, careful thinking and respect has been in short
supply in this debate.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">I would like to continue talking about this with you and anyone else who would like to be involved. I want to hear what you think, and I’m happy to explain why I think as I do. If you’re interested, let me know. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">I found the Response very interesting and thought it brought out some valid points about the rights of transgender people, but it bothers me that the Response did not respond to the thrust of the Open Letter which had to do with the effects that the proposed changes in terminology would have on the practice of midwifery, on the health and well-being of birthing mothers and babies and their families, or what impact it would have on the political strength of the midwifery movement. Instead, they changed the conversation to focus very narrowly on the justice or injustice that transgendered people suffer in our society and to suggest that the change of terminology would somehow be the first and most significant change that we have to make and that it would somehow end misogyny and social injustice.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">One reason I know that most people, including medically-trained doctors, midwives, and other practitioners lack the necessary understanding of how our natural hormones work in the body and how the hormone-like drugs that are being used to prevent pregnancy and to bring about changes in people’s secondary sex characteristics is that over 30 years ago, the Feminist Women’s Health Centers (FWHC) undertook to learn enough about hormones to enable us to write a chapter for our book, “Women’s Bodies in Women’s Hands.” (That chapter was never published. It was cut and the shortened version was published as “<a href="http://www.womenshealthinwomenshands.org/Library.htm#anewview" target="_blank">A New View of a Woman’s Body</a>”.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">To remind you, the FWHC learned much about the healthy functioning of our female bodies through self-examination in groups. But, to write this chapter, we did much, much more.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">We formed a “hormone team”, which consisted of Lorraine Rothman, inventor of the <a href="http://www.womenshealthinwomenshands.org/OurPeriods.html" target="_blank">Del’em</a>, Kathy Hodge, Suzann Gage, illustrator of A New View and me. We met all day, five days a week for months while the rest of our group kept the health center going. We read scientific papers and journals. Al Rothman, Lorraine’s husband, came up to L.A. from Orange County, at least one day a week to spend the day answering our many questions. Al was a professor of Biology at University of California at Fullerton. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">We immediately learned that human beings, like all animals, aren’t cut out of a cookie cutter. Of course, in self-help, we had seen that although we were all females, our bodies looked different, and we were all <u>normal and healthy</u>. Our menstrual cycles weren’t all “28-day”. Our genitals had a wide range of difference. We realized that the concept of “male” and “female” was an oversimplification, albeit a very practical one. We also realized, as feminists, that the Patriarchy exaggerates the differences between males and females, and that both males and females produce estrogen and testosterone. Males and females are not “binary” (a mathematical term meaning that all units are either one thing or the other), however in the course of embryonic development, two normal curves develop. How many people have ever taken a course in elementary statistics?) Most people (about 60%) who present as males fall into the “normal-type curve”. There is the same normal-type curve for females. I don’t know if pre-historic societies created gender roles to fit in with their social and economic structure, but today’s world, gender roles definitely further patriarchal militarism, male dominance and female submission. As a feminist, I challenge these restrictive roles, although I believe that as females gain more real power in the society, both individually and collectively, the oppressiveness will decrease and the content of these gender roles will change. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">I believe that white male supremacists are the most powerful force in the world, and they use their wealth and power to enforce these norms. As a feminist, I battle against their ability to harness our reproductive capacity to further their nationalistic and imperialistic agendas. Any discussion of sex and gender that doesn’t start off with this awareness just ends up defining the problem as social conditioning and the solution as changing public opinion. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">In our hormone study, we learned how little science really knows about how our body functions, and how the medical profession generally relies on their “detail salesmen” to tell them about drugs. We found the average doctor knew less than we did—and that was frightening. That was over 30 years ago, but our scientific understanding of hormones and the complexities of their relationship to our body’s functioning does not justify the reckless experimentation with hormone-like drugs to prevent pregnancy or to change our outward appearance. Our present knowledge of GMO’s does not justify experimentation in changing the genetic structure of plants to make bigger profits. We all know the capitalistic motivations of the scientists who promote GMO’s and other technological innovations like fracking, but most of us do not know the motivations of those who promote population control.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">The books and blogs I’ve read on this issue gives the impression that the authors can explain these issues with the laywoman well enough to arm us with answers, not just questions. I know how hard we worked, and I know how all the analogies that people use to explain these phenomena distort and mislead more than they enlighten.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">I believe that the understanding of what is “sex” and “gender” is fundamental to having a sound theoretical base for our feminist struggle. It is a spectacle of see us constructing manifestos out of the poorly understood and adequately researched “biological facts”, especially if it’s to push an agenda that doesn’t deal with the problem that all females (those identified as females in ultra sound in utero) are either being destroyed on the basis of their sex or raised to perpetuate their oppression.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">Now, getting to the Open Letter and the some specifics of the response. To me, the midwifery movement is much, much more than giving women “choices”. To me, it’s restoring birth to its rightful place in human society. The respondents mischaracterize the Open Letter’s exaltation of birth as a biological event, relegating it to “merely” being biological. The biological reality of birth is the essential precondition of everything else. It is awesome. I’m concerned that de-emphasizing the fact that unless a human being is born with ovaries and a uterus, it cannot produce a new human being will weaken Midwifery’s powerful support of each woman’s right to birth without outside interference. We females are the ones that the patriarchy is controlling; we are the ones that must work collectively to fight our struggle to regain control. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">I could say that this gender discussion is a side-show, and some people in power have been and no doubt will no doubt continue to use it for that. But, actually, I think it’s <u>very important</u>. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">Right now, I can only hope we’re in an awkward phase and eventually we’ll be able to accommodate the needs of anyone, male, female or intersex, who wants to live in that way without undermining the gains of the feminist movement. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">Especially as it relates to the birth issues and the philosophy of midwifery, I think that, much as we respect the rights of mothers to drink and smoke and use drugs, we seek to keep environmental toxins and technology away from the birthing process. This is a fundamental distinction between us and the male-dominated medical profession. I believe that accepting the use of hormone-like drugs and surgery in our sexual and reproductive organs as being healthy will weaken our position as guardians of the birth process and clouds our thinking.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">Please forgive my wordiness! As Mark Twain said in a long letter, “I didn’t have time to write a shorter one.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: large;">Warm regards,<br />Carol </span></div>
Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-2158230908253674962015-08-28T15:00:00.000-07:002015-08-28T15:00:47.811-07:00"Reports of Feminists' Discussions of How to Counter Legislative Attacks on Abortion" by Carol Downer<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-55484969872390329082015-08-28T12:08:00.000-07:002015-08-28T12:08:43.761-07:00Cape Cod Meeting Population Control Handouts<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-12851178566631654042015-08-19T15:45:00.000-07:002015-08-19T15:45:14.261-07:00Recommended Article: "Alabama Case Illustrates Difficulties Women Behind Bars Face When Seeking Abortion" by Victoria Law<div style="text-align: center;">
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<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
Margaret Atwood did not have a crystal ball when she wrote the gripped “The Handmaid’s Tale”. She didn’t need one. She just used her brilliant creative mind to imagine women’s future in 30 years after U.S. legislators started making laws that make the fetus have more rights than the woman who carries it. We have now entered the “woman as incubator” in Alabama and Texas.</h4>
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<a href="http://rhrealitycheck.org/article/2015/08/05/alabama-case-illustrates-difficulties-women-behind-bars-face-seeking-abortion/" target="_blank"><img alt="http://rhrealitycheck.org/article/2015/08/05/alabama-case-illustrates-difficulties-women-behind-bars-face-seeking-abortion/" border="0" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgL45pFoWneF0Jhjw0K89b_GwhdctLkxAUNWhPB3t9Ziiy6g6EUjxJvMezi7HVUNwusZ_h0JI7rAxgEmGgFww6EAKKhjdYWeTU_Www9wlOr69mEbIwy-f94UM0RKKKcpKkkYyrK_X8WOqNj/s400/AlabamaCase.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-60952539449347630912015-08-11T16:53:00.002-07:002015-08-11T16:53:28.545-07:00Rain and Thunder publishes "Repoductive Sovereignty or Bust!"<h3 style="text-align: center;">
The latest issue of "Rain and Thunder: A
Radical Feminist Journal of Discussion and Activism" published "Reproductive Sovereignty or Bust!" <a href="http://www.rainandthunder.org/" target="_blank">Pick up a copy and support this publication!</a></h3>
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Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-54663371794984516022015-08-11T16:14:00.001-07:002015-08-11T16:14:17.407-07:00GREAT CONFERENCE! BirthKeeper Summit Report<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://eepurl.com/bvG8or" target="_blank"><img alt="http://eepurl.com/bvG8or" border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidbYkK5WwJDRpYroCfMajeP-WX9crKXnuPqSwAwiIgZRCVq18H8TzNyp8QnXRgANHXnPRU7-Ircs2aGr3B7GdY_HGpSoJDq_cLV2XizXVcJmqK5mZyXnqm4v0j9jWJEcTSYPnlG3uQSGsx/s400/Report1.JPG" width="392" /></a></div>
<h2 style="text-align: right;">
<a href="http://eepurl.com/bvG8or" target="_blank">CONTINUE READING</a></h2>
Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-28004517941504455802015-06-15T12:52:00.000-07:002015-06-15T12:52:18.299-07:00What does a female condom have in common with a hip replacement?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://nwhn.org/" target="_blank"><img alt="https://nwhn.org/" border="0" height="79" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMcuoGVvgi41r26Ps7QpfXEwEAe83pBQtHdni0ZYNIPxLL_sGiPMdHqW1-w1Nk9iBa_O17CszozAm2aeXn5R-88SYyVCxCuZfu4fFPRQCRh5sXSeC-DhiSuT44srmbRZyTcj1_4b1ZlVY/s320/Graphic.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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[<a href="http://org2.salsalabs.com/o/6309/t/0/blastContent.jsp?email_blast_KEY=1332966" target="_blank">Re-post from NWHN e-newsletter 6/11/15</a>]<br />
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Dear Friend,<br />
<br />
What does a female condom have in common with a hip replacement? Not much, obviously. At least it’s obvious to us. But the FDA treats female condoms as if they need the same level of stringent regulatory oversight as hip replacements and other implanted devices. That’s just not right!<br />
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I’ve written to you before about how female condoms are a great option for safer sex. Despite being safe and effective at preventing HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STI's) and unintended pregnancy, the FDA has labeled female condoms as a Class III medical device, the highest level of regulation. Male condoms are treated as Class II devices, which means that the FDA ensures that good manufacturing practices are followed, and changes aren’t made that could compromise safety and effectiveness. But otherwise, the FDA doesn’t over-regulate male condom. Needlessly classifying female condoms in the highest regulatory category creates <b>barriers to female condom accessibility and affordability</b>. Only one female condom is FDA approved and available in the U.S. and permitted to be purchased with U.S. foreign aid. Women and men deserve to choose the method of family planning and STI prevention that is right for them without facing unnecessary obstacles.<br />
<br />
Last week, Network Program Director Coco Jervis participated in this informative <a href="http://www.nationalfccoalition.org/webinar" target="_blank">webinar</a> about current FDA regulatory opportunities for removing barriers. We have been working with our coalition partners at the National Female Condom Coalition to urge the FDA to down-classify female condoms to enable new options for women in the U.S. and across the globe. To help us remove barriers to new female condom products, <b>take action today</b> and share some of these fantastic NFCC <a href="http://www.nationalfccoalition.org/resources/fact-sheets-and-reports" target="_blank">resources</a> and help spread the message that people need more options for safer sex.<br />
<br />
The Network will continue working with our allies to ensure access to a <b>full range of preventive options for pregnancy and STI transmission</b>. Follow us on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/TheNWHN" target="_blank">Facebook</a> and <a href="https://twitter.com/thenwhn" target="_blank">Twitter</a> to receive for the most up-to-date information on our advocacy!<br />
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Thank you,<br />
Cindy Pearson<br />
Executive Director Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-39450707407327108732015-06-12T11:31:00.000-07:002015-06-12T11:31:20.139-07:00Exclusive Q&A with Ricki Lake, Abby Epstein, & Holly Grigg-Spall <iframe frameborder="0" height="320" scrolling="no" src="https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/92756815/sweetening-the-pill-a-documentary/widget/video.html" width="440"> </iframe>
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<b>What made you want to shed light on this topic of hormonal contraceptives?</b><br />
Ricki: It really seemed like a very natural progression for us from ‘The Business of Being Born.’ Women spend more time trying to avoid pregnancy - a decade or more at the start, then they have babies, then they’re back to trying to avoid it for further decades. It’s an experience all women share. What we did for birth, we want to do for birth control, and empower women with more information and more choice. ‘The Business of Being Born’ was about body literacy and this project is the same - it’s about women knowing, understanding, and trusting their bodies. <b></b><br />
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Abby: We’ve both had our own negative experiences with different kinds of hormonal contraceptives over the years. We know other women who have experienced the same thing. Holly Grigg-Spall sent us her manuscript for ‘Sweetening the Pill: Or How We Got Hooked on Hormonal Birth Control’ and something just clicked when I was reading it. For the first time, I was connecting emotionally difficult periods in my life to the use of the pill and it just made so much sense to do this film. We could approach birth control with women’s empowerment in mind, too. <b></b><br />
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Holly: For me, I wrote the book because I had a pretty terrible personal experience with the Pill, which I used for ten years consistently. The book began as a blog that I wrote about coming off the Pill and my experience doing that, how it made me feel, finding alternative contraception, learning about my cycle and so on. That blog meant that lots of women got in touch to share their own stories. I realized the extent of this problem. I then soon realized it was really taboo almost to criticize the Pill or the culture around the Pill. That interested me. I saw ‘The Business of Being Born’ when I was actually writing the book and I made the connection right away. I wrote about the parallels between the birth and the birth control industries. I knew that the book could make the basis of a great documentary and that the absolute best people to do this would be Abby and Ricki. I set my sights on that. Of course, I am now over-the-moon about the film. A book is one thing, but a documentary like this can reach so many more women. <b></b><br />
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<b>Why have you turned to Kickstarter to get this movie made?</b><br />
Abby: We spent a year going the traditional route and we met with a few networks and production companies. We had a lot of discussion and a lot of real interest. People were saying this film could be “the Food Inc. of birth control.” Everyone has a story or knows someone who has a story about this, it’s just that kind of subject. But, it doesn’t have that commercial pull. It seems, at first, a little scary even. Some people struggle to understand the perspective. We have to explain that it is not anti-birth control or anti-Pill. Instead it is pro-informed consent, pro-choice, and pro-knowledge. We want women to have more options for contraception, not less! We want them to have more access, not less! It’s a feminist film project. This topic is very politicized right now, so that takes a little time to explain. <b></b><br />
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Ricki: People might not realize, but we didn’t actually make any money from ‘The Business of Being Born’ - it was hugely successful in many great ways, but we lost money. Documentaries are really passion projects. We know a grassroots effort is right for this project, it spreads awareness and gets the conversation going. Women will share their stories and may even share their stories for the film. They will have their experiences validated by this, which is so important. The campaign is doing really well, but we have to keep going strong to reach our goal now. <b></b><br />
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<b>The Kickstarter campaign highlights Fertility Awareness Methods as a non-hormonal alternative, particularly when supported with apps and new technology. How did this area come to your attention?</b><br />
Ricki: We got introduced to Kindara first through Holly’s book and we have met with them and discussed their work with their app and new wireless basal body thermometer, Wink. They want to democratize this knowledge, make it part of every woman’s education. They really think it could change things for the better when it comes to women’s lives. We also spoke with the makers of Clue in Berlin. They’re helping women track every part of their monthly cycle. It’s great progress for women’s reproductive health. Just this week we saw that Apple finally decided to add menstrual cycles to their HealthKit app. This is wonderful. It means other apps can sync with the native technology on the iPhone and it means more women will come to realize they can track their cycles and benefit from being aware of this information. They will be made aware of that option. <b></b><br />
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Abby: Really the technology sector is leading the way here. We’re seeing them step up and help and support women who don’t want to or can’t use hormonal contraceptives. They’re making using Fertility Awareness Methods simpler, easier, less time-consuming and more approachable. They’re getting in the media and getting their message out there. And these people are also a wealth of knowledge because thousands of women are using their apps and talking to them about their cycles and experiences.<br />
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<b>A lot of women take the Pill for other issues these days, not just for contraception. Do you want to explore this?</b><br />
Abby: Absolutely. A couple of our film advisers work in this area - providing holistic, natural reproductive health support. They are working with women who have found the Pill hasn’t helped them long term. They’ve had side effects or the problems they had before have returned after coming off. They’re struggling to get pregnant. The Pill is prescribed for so many health problems these days and, although it’s definitely helpful and even essential for some women, it’s not the right treatment in all situations. In the Kickstarter video we highlight one part of this - how women are using it to regulate their cycles, even though they’re getting misleading information on that. <br />
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Holly: This is such an important area. More and more women are on the Pill for everything from acne to PCOS and yet the Pill doesn’t treat these problems, it only masks them. When women come off, most commonly the issue returns and might even be worse than before. We think that women have to suffer with PMS, like it’s our destiny, inevitable, when actually a lot of hormonal balance-related problems can be treated properly long term with alternative protocols. Women deserve better. They don’t have to put up with this stuff. And they don’t always have to use drugs that give them side effects to fix the problem. For some women, as Abby says, hormonal contraceptives are essential treatment. But we’re at a point now where it’s being doled out like a cure-all and it’s just not.<br />
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<iframe frameborder="0" height="420" scrolling="no" src="https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/92756815/sweetening-the-pill-a-documentary/widget/card.html?v=2" width="220"></iframe>Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-79747404738569112562015-05-14T13:56:00.001-07:002015-05-22T16:14:43.435-07:00Women-Controlled Research Gets Recognition!By Francie Hornstein, <i>former co-director of the L.A. Feminist Women's Health Center (FWHC)</i><br />
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I'm writing to encourage you to contribute what you can to <a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=KW6TNHQGN9ZQY" target="_blank">Kathy Hodge's travel</a> to the upcoming <b><a href="http://menstruationresearch.org/" target="_blank">Society for Menstrual Cycle Research Conference</a></b>. I attended this conference in the 1970's to present research conducted by the FWHC. Our research was a grassroots effort to document our own menstrual cycles, in detail. While we were a bit nervous to be meeting with this group of "real" research scientists, our research was met with respect, enthusiasm and honest curiosity.<br />
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The 1970's marked the beginning of women in science investigating topics of concern to other women. Since then, research conducted by women in science has proliferated. <b>Kathy's attendance at the conference is important </b>for two reasons: <b>1) </b>She can represent the history of work done by the feminist health movement and the FWHC in particular and <b>2) </b>She can hear about current research related to women's health done by women in research and academia. These connections are invaluable in determining the direction of future research that benefits women's health.<br />
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<a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=KW6TNHQGN9ZQY" target="_blank"><img alt="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=KW6TNHQGN9ZQY" border="0" height="96" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRbZrubTkxmVhbRC3iHVYHnaKutbStWV_ZNqyEO69DuBl0DYlEKYIQkqvJ23mAzFeKtyZ_gu5U_-TqZ26uLya_GdyDyxOMQ7QuZ48kREDD-g1GkH1EqVnomgmqcDoNPss_OZj7Lb_Wrno/s200/PayPal.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
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<b>Checks are gladly accepted! </b>Please write the check to:<br />
<b>Women's Health in Women's Hands c/o Carol Downer</b><br />
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<b>Mail to:</b><br />
<b>womenshealthinwomenshands.org<br />2451 Ridgeview Avenue<br />Los Angeles, California 90041</b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;">To read about the "<b>Perks</b>" offered to show our APPRECIATION for your FINANCIAL SUPPORT - please read "<a href="http://femwords.blogspot.com/2015/04/kathy-hodge-can-make-history-with-your.html" target="_blank"><b></b></a><b><a href="http://femwords.blogspot.com/2015/04/kathy-hodge-can-make-history-with-your.html4/thank-you-on-kathy-hodge-can-make.html" target="_blank">Kathy Hodge Can Make HISTORY with YOUR Financial Help!</a></b>"</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">So far<b> $280</b> of the <b>$2400</b> requested has been raised. To see a list of contributors go to <a href="http://femwords.blogspot.com/2015/04/thank-you-on-kathy-hodge-can-make.html">femwords.blogspot.com </a></span>Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-7330058309928852392015-04-17T14:05:00.002-07:002015-06-19T13:13:01.612-07:00Thank you! on "Kathy Hodge Can Make HISTORY with YOUR Financial Help!"<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>YOU CAN MAKE HISTORY HAPPEN!</b></span></div>
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Your donation can fund Kathy Hodge* to present the report of the 1975 Women’s Health Center’s participant-controlled study of the female menstrual cycle at the <b>Society for Menstrual Cycle Research Conference in Boston, June 4th to 6th, 2015</b>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAPrw53VJle0HjM6edk5QjrSVwDvp6F9mHc-GSz5_0Lg5oRwr_lwXao8YeMezFtlYhA9lYPaYDPMaUivJULqvT8P70QDh5aeOSxn1OZlkL2csVJX8mLMlQORT3f0pOltphv57aVYsuNtE/s1600/KathyHodge2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAPrw53VJle0HjM6edk5QjrSVwDvp6F9mHc-GSz5_0Lg5oRwr_lwXao8YeMezFtlYhA9lYPaYDPMaUivJULqvT8P70QDh5aeOSxn1OZlkL2csVJX8mLMlQORT3f0pOltphv57aVYsuNtE/s1600/KathyHodge2.jpg" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>“In male-dominated science, not as much work has been done to find a simple indicator of a woman’s days, which begin prior to the basal body temperature change at ovulation, as has been done on walking on the moon”</i></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>DONATE to cover Kathy’s out-of-pocket expenses<br />Needed: $2400.00</b><br /><span style="font-size: small;">Donate via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=KW6TNHQGN9ZQY" target="_blank">PayPal</a> or check c/o Carol Downer </span></span><br />
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<a href="http://femwords.blogspot.com/2015/04/kathy-hodge-can-make-history-with-your.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Continue Reading</span></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> Thank You for Your Support!</span></b></span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Karen Nixon ($25.00)</span> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Francie Hornstein ($50.00)</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Judith Kaluzny ($50.00)</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Shelby Coleman ($50.00)</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Monique Harriton ($25.00)</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Melissa Davis ($40.00)</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Teresa Downer ($40.00)</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">Thora J. DeLey ($25.00)</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">James J. Cox ($50.00) </span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
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Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-80061787026492487612015-04-16T17:20:00.001-07:002015-05-20T16:11:39.865-07:00Kathy Hodge Can Make HISTORY with YOUR Financial Help! <div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>YOU CAN MAKE HISTORY HAPPEN!</b></span></div>
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Your donation can fund Kathy Hodge* to present the report of the 1975 Women’s Health Center’s participant-controlled study of the female menstrual cycle at the <b>Society for Menstrual Cycle Research Conference in Boston, June 4th to 6th, 2015</b>.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAPrw53VJle0HjM6edk5QjrSVwDvp6F9mHc-GSz5_0Lg5oRwr_lwXao8YeMezFtlYhA9lYPaYDPMaUivJULqvT8P70QDh5aeOSxn1OZlkL2csVJX8mLMlQORT3f0pOltphv57aVYsuNtE/s1600/KathyHodge2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAPrw53VJle0HjM6edk5QjrSVwDvp6F9mHc-GSz5_0Lg5oRwr_lwXao8YeMezFtlYhA9lYPaYDPMaUivJULqvT8P70QDh5aeOSxn1OZlkL2csVJX8mLMlQORT3f0pOltphv57aVYsuNtE/s1600/KathyHodge2.jpg" /></a></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i>“In male-dominated science, not as much work has been done to find a simple indicator of a woman’s days, which begin prior to the basal body temperature change at ovulation, as has been done on walking on the moon”</i></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>DONATE to cover Kathy’s out-of-pocket expenses<br />Needed: $2400.00</b><br /><span style="font-size: small;">Donate via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=KW6TNHQGN9ZQY" target="_blank">PayPal</a> or check c/o Carol Downer </span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">HISTORY</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">In 1975, the Feminist Women’s Health Centers did the first-ever participant-led menstrual cycle research.</span> </div>
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<a href="http://www.womenshealthinwomenshands.org/History.htm" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="http://www.womenshealthinwomenshands.org/History.htm" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2az3AT3RErh3JNUZ7ZQPAX2qON2bv7hkhJKZlKptF-a8qIm8MRrsbI73_XCVIHRWrvKSkJOs7qM1z6PLdsJWXMCqjRHDgQYSJKtnTmq4j8K0JoQFXM2pgBg3bWJI3RdwEh3pWwfBbIcU/s1600/_FMSTHealthCenter_1976.jpg" /></a>9 staff members of the Feminist Women’s Health Center (including Kathy Hodge) met each day for over a month, recording changes in our vaginas and cervixes, our moods, basal body temperature, and other physiological changes.</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">FINDINGS</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://www.womenshealthinwomenshands.org/History.htm" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="http://www.womenshealthinwomenshands.org/History.htm" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisCrDCwLqbqezCQFiTD24rZi2rrduQeSFHBooMbGImgzgZlbq_yA6zx32ImnhLjCKOL0ZJ8K5c0-Q2g9rJBlw1lDzyHVe3JcgWK8bP181DJ5ZC-P_USLWXeW6FdkWFAI7WlqzLyZU6s6U/s1600/KathyHodge.JPG" /></a><i>“We found that healthy females can have a wider range of normal than previously believed. We did see cyclic changes, but not the ones medical textbooks focused on. Moods defied cyclic interpretation in our study, which frankly surprised us.”</i></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">PUBLICATION OF RESULTS</span></b></div>
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The findings were published in the journal, Women’s Health (now defunct), Helen Marieskind, editor-in-chief.</div>
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<u><b><span style="font-size: small;">ABOUT THE SOCIETY FOR MENSTRUAL CYCLE RESEARCH</span></b></u></div>
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The <a href="http://menstruationresearch.org/" target="_blank">Society for Menstrual Cycle Research</a> is a nonprofit, interdisciplinary research organization. Its membership includes researchers in the social and health sciences, humanities scholars, health care providers, policy makers, health activists, artists and students with interests in the role of the menstrual cycle in women’s health and well-being. </div>
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The Society works to have menstrual health respected as a human right. The UNDP and UNICEF have highlighted menstruation as “the single most important factor affecting school drop-out among girls”.</div>
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<u><b>THE CONFERENCE</b></u></div>
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<a href="http://www.lorettaross.com/" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="http://www.lorettaross.com/" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxLiffi9r7vURiFWMz4SPFCcMwUhhfbPQGRTXUun_u3pkgVU3zu24vXYZ-2vUKDo0Jn545ewH4nBsYzrlA6fFkYHV9DyXfzUzwGVCQUWxnMM_QE5n3ZbGu9OUXS2-l5TCPstznDaP2V-M/s1600/LorettaRoss.jpg" /></a></div>
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<li>Keynote by Reproductive Justice Pioneer <u>Loretta Ross</u></li>
<li>Kick-Off Flash! Plenary showcasing several short diverse talks that make the menstrual connection</li>
<li>2015 Making Menstruation Matter award presentation to <u>Our Bodies, Ourselves</u></li>
<li>Plenary on Menstrual Cycle Hygiene Management campaigns around the globe</li>
<li>“Mainstreaming the Flow”: (Still) Selling my Soul to Start the Conversation” with Tomi-Ann Roberts</li>
<li>“<u>Widening the Cycle</u>”, a menstrual art exhibit and plenary</li>
<li>Poetry Open Mic and Raffle hosted by <u>Dominique Christina</u></li>
<li><u>Lunette</u> Comedy and Cocktails with the Crimson Wave Girls</li>
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<u><b>KATHY WILL PRESENT A SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS </b></u><br />
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This breakthrough study exploded the medical myth that any variation from the 28-day cycle was “abnormal”. We also found that relying on the results of routine one-time, “snapshot”, readings of lab tests could result in grossly inappropriate and even harmful diagnoses and treatments. Mood changes during our cycles seemed more impacted by the environment.<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>WE HAVE THE FOLLOWING PERKS TO SHOW OUR APPRECIATION FOR YOUR FINANCIAL SUPPORT</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>THE PERKS!</b></span><br />
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YOU WILL RECEIVE A <b>SOCIAL MEDIA SHOUT-OUT</b> AND A REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE FROM KATHY<i> (We will list your name on our website, blog, facebook, and twitter as a supporter of Kathy’s presentation.)</i><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4aecjG4b8QxwZBV6K4kSv3Eumyn45me7VGpuBd2_ER9EH3sK5c5cf6Rw1N9bhwR_vvNFK2nGyEtRQ1AqmSNCtYQ2IUXuwQrdLIngGHLjNsx-4OqWVCOaZjV7eIMs0X-pPfHP41aKiHPw/s1600/Speculum_Mirror_Flashlight.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4aecjG4b8QxwZBV6K4kSv3Eumyn45me7VGpuBd2_ER9EH3sK5c5cf6Rw1N9bhwR_vvNFK2nGyEtRQ1AqmSNCtYQ2IUXuwQrdLIngGHLjNsx-4OqWVCOaZjV7eIMs0X-pPfHP41aKiHPw/s1600/Speculum_Mirror_Flashlight.jpg" /></a><i><b>A Self-Examination Kit, including speculum, flashlight, hand mirror and instruction sheet (donated by Women’s Health Specialists)</b></i><br />
Donate: <a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=KW6TNHQGN9ZQY" target="_blank">PayPal</a> or check c/o Carol Downer</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSHrtq2FRLVx38dh_0vMb_bLhtRe74zCt742dorXrtLi0v-hq5gQLV_T_k9CgCWPK2E9ojdWSY3P1CEIL5WCQF8ILjwrnfPR0hAexbjl32cWr1YloYCy18zQf-cP6NEtpQz97i6L43GGY/s1600/wmchoice.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSHrtq2FRLVx38dh_0vMb_bLhtRe74zCt742dorXrtLi0v-hq5gQLV_T_k9CgCWPK2E9ojdWSY3P1CEIL5WCQF8ILjwrnfPR0hAexbjl32cWr1YloYCy18zQf-cP6NEtpQz97i6L43GGY/s1600/wmchoice.gif" /></a><i><b>A used, good-condition copy of A Woman’s Book of Choices” by Rebecca Chalker and Carol Downer (it’s out of print)</b></i><br />
Donate: <a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=KW6TNHQGN9ZQY" target="_blank">PayPal</a> or check c/o Carol Downer</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-DjQ6U2AL5upRdtpoaFz3opd7E0vyL5Xzj4FfB7NUUZ5D9pt4neN3oOCsCb7Vi9uoQ3DAw_jOy8slFuVfenCH1ozspvwm3UFtpyDhOYrZqc7qtDOb5dZKfuVaxRhLo237pxhUxqmNskA/s1600/PatMaginnis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-DjQ6U2AL5upRdtpoaFz3opd7E0vyL5Xzj4FfB7NUUZ5D9pt4neN3oOCsCb7Vi9uoQ3DAw_jOy8slFuVfenCH1ozspvwm3UFtpyDhOYrZqc7qtDOb5dZKfuVaxRhLo237pxhUxqmNskA/s1600/PatMaginnis.jpg" /></a><i><b>Framed Pat Maginnis cartoon showing a uterus being pulled in a tug-of-war between patriarchal men and population controllers) OR a PDF copy of Kathy Hodge’s paper, with tables and charts.</b></i> <br />
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Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-63356133672084125112015-04-08T14:54:00.003-07:002015-04-13T12:02:20.468-07:00SUPPORT PURVI PATEL’S RIGHT TO CONTROL HER OWN BODYBy Carol Downer<br />
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In our rush to support Purvi Patel, who was sentenced to 20 years in prison on April 6, 2015 by an Indiana Judge on the charges of child neglect and feticide (inducing her own abortion) by adopting Patel’s claim that she miscarried, we risk implying that if it were a self-induced abortion, we might not support her. <br />
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The prosecution introduced evidence that Patel had told a friend about ordering pills to induce an abortion and about taking the medication, and had then texted her to say, “just lost the baby”. <br />
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We have seen abortion rights curtailed in recent years. The desperation of females who have denied a way to solve their problem of unwanted pregnancy and the availability of abortion-inducing pills, and female’s dependence on medical help if complications of miscarriage or induced abortion will continue to produce these horrific outcomes. We’d better think this through and take a position that doesn’t embroil us in factual evidentiary disputes or place us in the position of accepting the legitimacy of the State punishing a female for trying to control her own body.<br />
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Given the evidence that Patel induced an abortion, many of her supporters have shifted to the question of whether the fetus was viable and if so, whether it was a stillborn. Viability is not determined by whether a particular fetus of a certain age will live, it is determined by the statistical probability that it will live, based on whether any fetuses born at that stage of development who were cared for in a well-equipped neo-natal unit have lived. Whether the defense’s estimate of the fetus’ age was correct or the prosecutor’s estimate of a later fetal age, the fetus was very premature and its chances of survival under the best conditions were problematic. <br />
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But why are feminists basing our support on whether the fetus was viable? And, why are we challenging the tests for whether the fetus managed to take a breath? Don’t we support Patel in her right to rid herself of an unwanted fetus. It is her body, after all, and when a female is forced to maintain a pregnancy, it is reproductive slavery. Just because the Supreme Court decided that there was a point during pregnancy when the fetus’ rights trumped the female’s rights, why do we accept that? Of course, her attorney should and must present every defense, but unless we agree that the State has the right to control our reproductive organs under some circumstances, we must uphold Patel whether she had a miscarriage or expelled a premature fetus.<br />
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If the authorities pay attention to our Petitions, it will be because they see how outraged the females of America are at this prosecution and sentence and because they feel compelled to respect the national outcry. They will not be swayed by the fact that we’ve believed the defense’s version of the facts, or that we’ve presented a legal argument.<br />
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As a female and as a feminist, I support Patel unequivocally. FREE PURVI PATEL!Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-51059718676302792842015-03-16T14:01:00.003-07:002015-03-16T14:01:38.587-07:00Report of discussion with Max Dashu January 27, 2015<br />
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<a href="http://www.suppressedhistories.net/" target="_blank"><img alt="http://www.suppressedhistories.net/" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipy3xIlB1wmQqbenLXR3wImbFi6JOiilmUkj6ZZG5aCjKUlW7D-fNn-M6toYVNG581FK14c8BX7f_LFS1JLxC8xtTe1mBE0RnqGhZT7Jvk7KzSIdv7WvFboG0P8hsZGJDBX5Rysj2NaHk/s1600/MaxDashu.jpg" height="116" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://womenshealthinwomenshands.blogspot.com/2015/03/report-trip-to-san-francisco-to-protest.html" target="_blank">Before I left Oakland</a> for home, I stopped by <a href="http://www.suppressedhistories.net/" target="_blank">Max</a>’s archives.<br />
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I met with Max for four hours; it was extremely interesting and helpful.<br />
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My goal in the meeting was to learn from Max about the Witch Hunts. I achieved my goal; I learned so much. It was in reading <a href="http://womenshealthinwomenshands.blogspot.com/2014/10/important-new-book-caliban-and-witch.html" target="_blank">Caliban and the Witch</a> that I saw that the motivation of the Witch Hunters went beyond their desire to suppress women’s sexuality and their activities which were competitive with the developing medical profession, and by reading <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_M._Riddle" target="_blank">John Riddle</a>’s book, I also realized the existence of and the significance of a widespread knowledge and use of contraception and abortion. This was the real power of women-the power to decide whether or not to create the next generation. This was the power that those who were in control could not abide.<br />
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I originally learned about the Witch Hunts from <b>Witches, Midwives and Nurses</b> by Ehrenreich and English and I knew that women who were burned as witches were many times healers. I definitely saw that what we were doing represented a revival of women’s knowledge around healing. <br />
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Max rounded out my knowledge hugely.<br />
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Max became irritated with me because she said I wasn’t listening. It is true that I sometimes interrupted her (as she did me), and also I sometimes didn’t get the full import of what she was trying to communicate.<br />
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Despite certain differences, mostly in emphasis, it was clear that we profoundly agree about the origin and nature of women’s oppression. We both see that the development of patriarchy resulted in the lowering of women’s power and status. We both see capitalism as an “advanced form” of patriarchy. We both think that ethnicity and class have to be taken into consideration in any historical explanation. We both think that the causation of the Witch Hunts and other attacks on women as being multi-causal. Both of us distinguish between capitalistic or imperialistic patriarchy and the patriarchy found in non-capitalistic or imperialistic societies, and agree that patriarchal capitalism and imperialism is worse for women. In other words, “all capitalistic societies are patriarchal, but not all patriarchal societies are capitalistic.”<br />
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Both of us kept the free-ranging discussion from turning into an argument; neither of us were there to convince the other, so we kept bringing the conversation back to a discussion where each of us would have the opportunity to explain our points more fully, etc.<br />
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We also talked about the recent attacks of trans-gender women. Max has worked with atheist groups, and told me about a recent conference where transgender women wanted to participate in a female-only workshop that is traditionally held at the atheists’ conference. The workshop is held in the nude and the females did not want the transgender women to attend. (I know she said they wouldn’t allow those who had not had surgery, but I don’t remember whether she said they also objected to those who had had genital surgery). In protest, the transgender women sat, knees akimbo, around the entrance to the workshop and sent looks of disapproval to the participants when they came in. Max supported the females by also sitting on the floor and encouraging the participants when they came in.<br />
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We both see this is a serious attack and it constitutes a crisis in feminism. We also agreed that those who want to destroy feminism, including some leftists who have always been hostile to feminism, are taking advantage of this opportunity to attack feminists by supporting the transgender women. I think the support is also material. <br />
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We talked about <a href="http://womenshealthinwomenshands.blogspot.com/2014/10/important-new-book-caliban-and-witch.html" target="_blank">Caliban and the Witch</a>. Max was critical of Federici’s mischaracterization of the era prior to the 14th century. Federici said that Witch Hunting had started then; that before there was no Witch Hunting. She has the references to show that in fact, there was Witch Hunting several centuries prior. <br />
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I don’t think that Federici’s definite assertion that there was no history of Witch Hunts in the preceding era, negated the value of her insight that the crime of Witchcraft, which focused on contraception and abortion, was invalid. In reading the whole sentence that Federici had stated, she left room for at least some of the facts that Max had alluded to. Perhaps I’m conflating the explanation of Heinsohn and Steiger with Federici’s, but I recall that she emphasized that the crime of Witchcraft (as compared to Sorcery) was invented in the 14th century.<br />
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Max feels that everything flows from the establishment of patriarchy, and we should not focus on some of the subsequent developments, but rather fight against patriarchy in all of its manifestations. I feel that a quantum leap happened as a result of the Witch Hunts (as well as the enclosures) that helped the feudal lords to accumulate capital, that this enabled them to launch a campaign of conquest and pillage and colonialization that would result in the establishment of capitalism in Europe and in the huge expanse of territory in the colonies.<br />
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We didn’t talk about it too much, but I agree with Max that the viewing the earth as a resource to exploit, and starting with seeing women as resources to dominate and exploit is the root of the problem. I just think that we need to apply that insight into the current manifestations of this patriarchal/capitalist/imperialist/industrialist outlook.<br />
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Max recognized a lot of the components of the creation of capitalism, bringing precious metals to Europe to enable monetarism, raw materials, slaves, etc. But, if she sees that these developments forced women into the modern mold, the housewife who recreates the labor force and recreates the worker too, she didn’t say so. She did say that her criticisms of C&W are “additive”, meaning she doesn’t criticize what Federici said, but thinks she omitted significant information.<br />
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My impression is that Max thinks that I over-generalize to pinpoint a particular point in history. She sees the evolutionary aspect of patriarchy and how it leads to capitalism. How men in patriarchy saw women as a resource, the same as other natural resources. I agree with that, but I think that the Witch Hunts had the effect of terrorizing women, resulting in seeing their reproductive activities as resources to enable the modern work force to arise.<br />
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We also differed on whether the reason they went after the Witches was to control their sexuality. To me, patriarchy wants to control women’s sexuality as a means to control their reproduction. <br />
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Max has devoted her life to studying and gathering together the information to support her view of history, and the result is awesome. She allowed me to read her manuscripts. (Much of the original material that she viewed at the local San Francisco Library was right on the shelves. She said they’ve now been placed in less accessible sections.) The wealth of detail that she has gathered brings home the reality of how the Witch Hunt played out all over Europe over four centuries.<br />
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I agree with her that the concrete detail is necessary to prevent us from romanticizing the Witches and seeing the Witch Hunts as some kind of medieval aberration.<br />
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As to the Witch’s costumes. She said that women accused of witchcraft were forced to march through town wearing the pointed hats. Also, she said that much of the details, like the shoes and the dress come from the everyday wear of poor women, especially older poor women. She mentioned Belgium, in particular.<br />
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We both are worried about what may happen in this country if the depression gets worse and people are turned against each other. Some modern version of the Witch Hunts are possible.<br />
<b><br />Academic Women:</b> Our discussion of the role of academic women is illustrative of how Max and I both agree and still go a different place with the significance for action. She sees the way that the academic world influences academic women to look at their goal as getting prestige, seeing who can get their papers published, etc. I focus more on the power relationships and the way that patriarchal academia uses its control of jobs and the prestige that goes with it to derail young feminists who seek a career in women’s studies. I think that we see the cause and effect differently, but we both see how empty and irrelevant most of their work is. I, in addition, believe that they are being manipulated by academia to spin their wheels, or even worse, to attack the second wave of feminism with their emphasis of personal liberation and changing society by changing labels and self-definitions.Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6525712662140765695.post-18736850017776565582015-03-12T17:53:00.000-07:002015-03-20T12:52:19.974-07:00REPORT OF TRIP TO BERKELEY TO ATTEND BAY AREA DOULA PROJECT’S MEETING<b>GUEST: MOLLY DUTTON-KENNY REGARDING HOME ABORTION</b><br />
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I went to Berkeley on March 3rd to hear Molly Dutton-Kenny speak on home abortion. She spoke regarding medical abortion, herbal abortion, menstrual extraction and vacuum aspiration abortion, all of which she is advocating being done at home.<br />
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Molly has observed women receiving vacuum aspiration abortions in a home setting in other countries. She travelled to Mali to learn about female health care. She has worked with IPAS for a time. She learned about menstrual extraction from reading “<a href="http://www.womenshealthinwomenshands.org/Library.htm#awomansbookofchoices" target="_blank">A Woman’s Book of Choices</a>”, and she learned about vacuum aspiration abortion from WHO informational material. She has personal experience with taking herbal abortafacients. She is presently a midwife and is based in California and Canada. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ7QBwX0wtcR5jzaqr-xWyfNp9VwYXXbBI2LPPtwbXHbxYNU-OOinyUeweHxHrZBx_CD1Yhwmq6jRJ23thxS-RnFlUWuvlZM4I6Xr6aKjEL-4YrRyKkqqc1kC4KKq9_ulpIW0pjGWj7TI/s1600/speculum.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJ7QBwX0wtcR5jzaqr-xWyfNp9VwYXXbBI2LPPtwbXHbxYNU-OOinyUeweHxHrZBx_CD1Yhwmq6jRJ23thxS-RnFlUWuvlZM4I6Xr6aKjEL-4YrRyKkqqc1kC4KKq9_ulpIW0pjGWj7TI/s1600/speculum.jpg" height="200" width="156" /></a></div>
She was delighted that I was at the meeting, and turned it over to me to speak about <a href="http://www.womenshealthinwomenshands.org/OurPeriods.html" target="_blank">Menstrual Extraction</a>. The group showed great interest in all the types of home abortion that she talked about. There was a member of <a href="https://www.facebook.com/shodhini" target="_blank">Shodhini</a> who lives in the bay area at the meeting, and she was approached about starting a <a href="http://www.womenshealthinwomenshands.org/SelfHelpInGroups.htm" target="_blank">self-help group</a> there.<br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I
believe that Washington State’s abortion law, which was voted on by the people
before <u>Roe v. Wade</u>, could be interpreted to permit home abortion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Medical abortion, taking mifepristone and
then expelling the embryo at home, offers a opportunity for a doula to provide
information and support.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Herbal abortion
is becoming a feasible alternative to females.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In all of the above situations, including vacuum aspiration, it is an
experienced person either providing information and support or actual hands-on
assistance, however menstrual extraction as developed by the Feminist Women's Health Centers requires a
group of minimally-trained women who have learned through vaginal
self-examination together how to do the procedure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Molly’s
ideas are very provocative, and I hope to hear more about it from her in the
future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></div>
Carol Downerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02397443889811948000noreply@blogger.com0